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2023 insight unit 34 - Practice Exam
VCE Psychology Unit 3/4
Secondary School
• 10Balwyn High School
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This trial examination produced by Insight Publications is NOT an official VCAA paper for the 202 3 Psychology written examination. Every effort has been made to gain permission to reproduce any images and texts herein; failure to do so is not intended to limit the rights of the owner. The Publishers assume no legal liability for the opinions, ideas or statements contained in this trial examination. This examination paper is licensed to be printed, photocopied or placed on the school intranet and used only within the confines of the purchasing school for examining their students. No trial examination or part thereof may be issued or passed on to any other party, including other schools, practising or non-practising teachers, tutors, parents, websites or publishing agencies, without the written consent of Insight Publications. Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 - Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers.
- Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or
correction fluid/tape.
- No calculator is allowed in this examination. Materials supplied
- Question and answer book of 29 pages
- Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions
- Additional space is available at the end of the book if you need extra space to complete an answer. Instructions
- Write your name in the space provided above on this page and on the multiple-choice answer sheet.
- All written responses must be in English. At the end of the examination
- Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this book.
YEAR 12 Trial Exam Paper
2023
PSYCHOLOGY
Written examination
Reading time: 15 minutes Writing time: 2 hours 30 minutes
STUDENT NAME:
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of book Section Number of questions Number of questions to be answered Number of marks A B 40 8 40 8 40 80 Total 120 Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 SECTION A – continued
SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions
Question 1 Which of the following describes a key role of the neuromodulator serotonin? A. It excites pre-synaptic neurons. B. It stabilises mood. C. It coordinates voluntary movement. D. It increases reward sensitivity. Use the following information to answer Questions 2– 5. Jenny is riding her bike home from school. She rides on the main road because it is a quicker route to her home, even though there are many cars. As she approaches an intersection, a car moves in front of her, cutting her off dangerously. Jenny instinctively swerves away from the car and onto the footpath. Question 2 Jenny’s act of swerving can be described as A. an unconscious reflex response initiated by the central nervous system. B. a conscious reflex response initiated by the central nervous system. C. an unconscious reflex response initiated by the peripheral nervous system. D. a conscious reflex response initiated by the peripheral nervous system. Question 3 During this event, Jenny experiences symptoms associated with Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome. When she realises the car is heading towards her, which of the following is Jenny likely to experience first? A. An increase in cortisol levels. B. A decrease in dopamine levels. C. A decrease in adrenaline levels. D. A decrease in blood pressure levels.
Instructions for Section A
Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question. A correct answer scores 1; an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 SECTION A – continued Use the following information to answer Questions 7 and 8. Sophie keeps a pet snake. When her friend Jared first visits her house, he jumps and runs out of the room when he sees the snake slithering towards him. When Sophie checks on Jared, she can see he is feeling quite stressed. Question 7 Which of the following paired options correctly identifies Jared’s physical symptoms and the stage of General Adaptation Syndrome he is currently in? Symptoms General Adaptation Syndrome stage A. decreased heart rate; increased adrenaline release resistance B. increased heart rate; inhibited digestion alarm reaction – countershock C. inhibited digestion; inhibited sweating alarm reaction – shock D. increased heart rate; increased respiration rate exhaustion Question 8 Which nervous system subdivision(s) most likely dominated when Jared ran out of the room? A. sympathetic nervous system, which triggered the freeze response B. sympathetic nervous system, which triggered the flight response C. parasympathetic nervous system, which triggered the flight response D. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems equally, which triggered the freeze response Use the following information to answer Questions 9 and 10. Jai is a healthy six-year-old boy who is practising his reading skills with his uncle, Chris. As Jai reads his book, Chris helps him sound out some of the words. Jai practises sounding out the words until he is successful, and then rereads the book by himself. After successfully reading two books from Jai’s school reading list, Jai and Chris celebrate Jai’s success with an ice cream. Question 9 The process of Jai sounding out the words until he can read them successfully involves A. long-term depression, and the memories of the words are stored in the neocortex. B. long-term potentiation, and the memories of the words are stored in the neocortex. C. long-term depression, and the memories of the words are encoded by the amygdala. D. long-term potentiation, and the memories of the words are encoded by the amygdala.
SECTION A – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 TURN OVER Question 10 In relation to Jai, which of the following statements is correct regarding the role of ice cream in this situation? A. Ice cream is a conditioned stimulus that leads to a conditioned response of reading practice. B. Ice cream is an antecedent that results in a behaviour of reading practice. C. Ice cream acts as positive reinforcement of Jai’s reading practice, which will increase the likelihood that he will read in future. D. Ice cream acts as negative reinforcement of Jai’s reading practice because it takes away his hunger and increases the likelihood that he will read in future. Question 11 Which of the following is a valid example of multimodal learning for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples? A. Knowing how to play a sport requires not only knowing the rules of the sport, but also having the physical skills to succeed. B. Knowledge can be transferred across several generations through storytelling and song. C. Learning how to make a meal is connected to knowledge of plants and animals, how to forage or hunt for them, and the land from which they come. D. Learning a dance requires visualising the steps and explicitly recalling their sequence. Use the following information to answer Questions 12 – 15. Drivers of ‘black cab’ taxis in London must memorise a list of about 25,000 street names so that they can drive passengers to their destinations quickly and efficiently. Yen and Lilly are visitors from Melbourne who hail a black cab taxi at King’s Cross Station and ask to be taken to Buckingham Palace. The cab driver narrates the route as they drive, naming each of the streets he is about to turn onto. He drives along eight streets during the journey. Yen cannot wait to get to the palace, excitedly recounting the time she saw some of the royal family visiting Melbourne. Question 12 The cab driver’s ability to name each of the streets he is about to turn onto is an example of which type of memory? A. explicit–episodic B. explicit–semantic C. implicit–classical conditioning D. autobiographical
SECTION A – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 TURN OVER Use the following information to answer Questions 16 – 19. Dr Chakravarti conducted a sleep study involving participants grouped by age. As part of the study, she collected data on the sleeping patterns of her participants. Data for some of the study participants, in two different states (X and Y), is presented in the graph below. Question 16 Based on the graph of sleep data, what are the most likely identities of the states labelled X and Y? X Y A. REM sleep NREM sleep B. NREM sleep REM sleep C. NREM Stage 3 NREM Stage 2 D. normal waking consciousness altered state of consciousness Question 17 How is Dr Chakravarti likely to have collected this data? A. qualitatively, using sleep diaries B. quantitatively, using video monitoring C. qualitatively, using electroencephalography and electromyography D. quantitatively, using electroencephalography and electro-oculography 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Infants Adolescents Adults Mean sleep time (%) Participant group X Y
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 SECTION A – continued Question 18 What is one other difference between the sleeping patterns of adults and infants? A. Infants have less total NREM sleep time than adults. B. Adults have deeper sleep than infants. C. Infants have a more regulated release of melatonin than adults. D. Adults have less NREM stage 3 sleep (by total time) than infants. Question 19 Which of the following statements explains a difference in the sleeping patterns of adults and adolescents? A. Adolescents have a delayed release of melatonin compared to adults. B. Adolescents have greater social pressures than adults. C. Adults are more susceptible to the effects of blue light than adolescents. D. Adults need a lower proportion of REM sleep than adolescents. Question 20 An electro-oculograph measures A. movement of the eyes during sleep. B. electrical activity of muscles that control the eyes during sleep. C. overall electrical activity of muscles in the body during sleep. D. electrical activity of the occipital lobe of the brain during sleep. Question 21 Deduce which of the following paired options shows an ultradian rhythm and a circadian rhythm. Ultradian Circadian A. sleep cycle sleep–wake cycle B. sleep–wake cycle zeitgeber C. sleep–wake cycle sleep cycle D. zeitgeber sleep–wake cycle Question 22 Which of the following paired options is correct in relation to behavioural and cognitive effects of partial sleep deprivation? Behavioural Cognitive A. high ability to concentrate inability to make sound decisions B. slowed reaction times reduced attention span C. reduced coordination increased irritability D. increased irritability difficulties with focus
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 SECTION A – continued Question 24 Which of the following statements correctly describes the most likely effects for each of the experimental group conditions? A. Participants in the control group have no negative effects on their driving skills. B. Participants are likely to have negative effects on mood and reaction times in the sleep deprivation condition, and negative effects on concentration only in the alcohol intoxication condition. C. Participants are likely to have the same types of negative effect on mood, reaction times and concentration levels in the sleep deprivation and alcohol intoxication conditions. D. Participants in the alcohol intoxication condition have positive effects on mood only, while in the sleep deprivation condition they have negative effects on reaction times and concentration levels. Question 25 Which of the following descriptions is appropriate for this study? A. a literature review with a summary of three different studies B. a controlled experiment that uses a between-subjects design C. a controlled experiment that uses a within-subjects design D. an observational study of real-life driving conditions Question 26 Which of the following is a likely cause of an advanced sleep-phase disorder? A. adolescence B. shift work that requires waking at 3 am C. bright-light therapy D. changes in seasonal zeitgebers (sunrise and sunset times) Question 27 Which of the following paired options is correct in terms of the relationship between light levels and the signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland? High light levels Low light levels A. promote release of cortisol promote release of melatonin B. promote release of melatonin promote release of cortisol C. inhibit release of adrenaline promote release of melatonin D. promote release of cortisol inhibit release of melatonin
SECTION A – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 TURN OVER Question 28 Which of the following shows a set of characteristics that reflects a state of mental wellbeing? A. independence, ability to cope with change and challenge, good social connections B. completing daily tasks, positive resilience, experiencing chronic stress C. unhelpful coping strategies, setting future goals, strong social support D. good personal hygiene, feelings of isolation, inability to adapt to change Question 29 Which of the following paired options correctly shows internal and external factors influencing mental wellbeing? Internal factors External factors A. spending two weeks in hospital after a burst appendix not getting enough hydration B. upcoming exams planning for a year 12 formal C. Australia finishing ninth in the Eurovision Song Contest starting puberty D. worrying about your health experiencing the loss of a loved one Question 30 Which of the following could be categorised as a determinant of social and emotional wellbeing in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities? A. connection to Country B. right to self-determination C. spirituality D. connection to family and kinship Question 31 The social and emotional wellbeing framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can best be described as A. multidimensional and holistic components of mental, spiritual and social needs. B. multidimensionally linked solely to community and Country. C. holistically linked to self and others. D. driven by social, political and historical determinants of wellbeing.
SECTION A – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 TURN OVER Question 36 Which of the following best explains Mads’ strategy of going to the health centre rather than going to class? A. This is an approach strategy that has high context-specific effectiveness and will permanently reduce anxiety. B. This is an avoidance strategy that risks perpetuating Mads’ fear of the classroom and promoting further avoidance. C. This is an approach strategy that works to challenge Mads’ unrealistic thinking by allowing them a break from class to reset. D. This is an avoidance strategy that shows high coping flexibility because it involves using the most appropriate method to reduce Mads’ ongoing anxiety about class. Use the following information to answer Questions 37– 40. Dr Henderson is interested in studying how long-term levels of stress hormones are correlated with the experience of chronic stress. She contacts the Australian Institute of Sport, which recommends 10 high-performance gymnasts with institute scholarships to participate in her study. Cortisol levels in blood samples from the gymnasts are measured using a testing apparatus calibrated against a known cortisol sample. The gymnasts score themselves, using a self-reported Perceived Stress Scale, during a high work-intensity phase (before and during an international competition) and in a low work-intensity phase (recovery period after competition). The results of the study are shown in the graph below. The Perceived Stress Scale scores show that participants reported feeling more stressed during the high-intensity period than during the low-intensity period. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 12:00:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 12:00:00 AM Cortisol level (ng/mL) Time of day High Intensity Low Intensity
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 END OF SECTION A Question 37 Why is this study best described as a correlational study? A. There is no active manipulation of an independent variable, so no cause-and-effect relationship can be established. B. More than one dependent variable has been measured. C. Participants have been tested under two different conditions using a range of different methods for the investigation. D. A small group of participants has been tested in a real-world situation. Question 38 Dr Henderson’s graph shows a mean of the 10 gymnasts’ cortisol levels. Looking at her raw data, she can see that the cortisol levels at 6 am vary from as low as 2 ng/mL to as high as 14 ng/mL. This suggests that the measured cortisol levels have A. high accuracy and high precision. B. low accuracy and high precision. C. high accuracy and low precision. D. low accuracy and low precision. Question 39 Which of the following statements is appropriate for the validity of Dr Henderson’s experiment? A. The results show high internal validity: the measurements are accurate and the true value of cortisol levels has been measured. B. The results show high external validity: they can be clearly applied to a broader population of all individuals. C. The results show low internal validity: they are repeatable and reproducible. D. The results show low external validity: they do not measure a correlation between stress and cortisol levels. Question 40 Which of the following ethical considerations is appropriate for this study? A. informed consent because all participants have given permission to be involved in the study B. non-maleficence because the study is unlikely to harm participants C. justice, through the careful reporting of the results of both conditions D. beneficence because the study has been conducted in a way that is maximally beneficial to participants
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 END OF SECTION A
SECTION B
Question 1 (4 marks) Outline how an electroencephalograph and video monitoring would help a sleep researcher determine whether a person was in REM sleep or NREM Stage 3 sleep. Sleep stage Measure Electroencephalograph Video monitoring REM NREM Stage 3 Question 2 (1 5 marks) Clara is a four-year-old child who has become very scared of flowers after an experience at her cousin’s party. At the party, a clown repeatedly squirted her in the face with a trick flower while her mother was not there. Now, Clara reflexively throws her hand in front of her face when she sees a flower, starts to cry and runs to her mother for comfort. Clara’s mother takes her to a psychologist because she does not know how to help Clara. She explains to the psychologist that Clara has always been an anxious child who worries when away from her mother, but this is the worst anxiety she has seen. The psychologist explains that Clara has developed a specific phobia of flowers, and that this is different from anxiety. a. Distinguish between anxiety and phobia with reference to Clara. 2 marks
Instructions for Section B
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Copyright © Insight Publications 2022 SECTION B – continued b. Use the language of classical conditioning to outline how Clara acquired her specific phobia of flowers. 4 marks
c. Discuss the role of a specific neurotransmitter as a biological factor in Clara’s development of this phobia, and the effectiveness of an associated biological intervention. 6 marks
SECTION B – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 TURN OVER a. Identify the mnemonic tested in each of groups 1 and 2. 2 marks
b. What is the purpose of Group 3 in this study? 1 mark
c. Sketch an appropriate graphical representation of Ahmed’s results. Ensure that each axis is labelled correctly. 3 marks d. Evaluate whether Ahmed’s hypothesis is supported by the data. 2 marks
Copyright © Insight Publications 202 3 SECTION B – continued e. i. Analyse how a likely confounding variable from the scenario would impact the reproducibility and validity of Ahmed’s results. 4 marks
e. ii. Suggest how Ahmed could alter the methodology of his study to control for this confounding variable in future. 1 mark
f. Explain why the mnemonics used in groups 1 and 2 would be more challenging to use if Ahmed only shared the names verbally with participants, rather than providing a written list. 2 marks
2023 insight unit 34 - Practice Exam
Subject: VCE Psychology Unit 3/4
Secondary School
• 10
- Discover more from:VCE Psychology Unit 3/436 Documents
- More from:VCE Psychology Unit 3/436 Documents
