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Changing places case studies

All the relevant case studies for the changing places topic
Subject

Human Geography

335 Documents
Students shared 335 documents in this course
Academic year: 2024/2025
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Isobel McLean
Benenden School
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Clovelly

 12,394 IMD 40% most deprived

 Endogenous factors

 Cobbled roads

 Fishing

 Architecture

 Transport

 Costal location

 Exogenous factors

 Tourism

 Employment shift

 Residence (2nd home ownership increase)

 Fishing industry decline

 Common fisheries policy (1 boat)

Studentification of Swansea

 Causes

 Uni takes on 6x as many students than they manage (3,000/18,000)

 Uni has existed for over a centuries

 Built for only 3,000 with 3,500 beds on site

 Now has 18,000 students - 14,500 without bed

 Buy-to-let Landlords converting homes into Homes in Multiple

Occupations

 Tony Blaire’s student policy - 50% young people to uni’s

 Wales has lower fees - so Swansea is popular

 Innovation campus = 4,

 Low alcohol prices

 Impacts

 Social:

 Anti-social behaviour

 Little parking

 Economic:

 Low alcohol prices

 Employment in bars/pubs/clubs

 Uni has 4,000 jobs

 Environmental:

 Pollution - rubbish and bins - 800 bags of litter in one little pick up in

Brynmill

 leave behind waste

 Political:

 Council tax on permanent resident up

 So general upkeep down as less permanent residences

 Response

 Police and local people created forum to alter police schedules to have more

officers on at night to reduce anti-social behaviour

Immigration to Southampton

 Background

 2004 - Accession 8 EU expansion with zero transitional response on

immigration

 2001 - 58,

 2014 - 579,

 Causes

 Wages 6x higher than in Poland for builders

 UK opted for no traditional capitols on immigrantion

 Timeline of events

 2004 EU expansion

 2000-2010 - +2 million migrants

Globalisation in London

 Global changes

 FDI investments

 AON moved from Chicago -> London

 Brexit -> to more FDI to fall in pound

 Social

 Public transport

 2050 - x2 tube users compared to now

 Environmental

 Slanted to avoid obscuring the skyline

 Economic

 AON attracts other companies

 Agglomeration

 Asian investment into commercial property

 Walkie talkie - $1 billion

 Cheesegrater $1 billion

 HK calls London attractive

 Political

 Brexit encouraged more FDI into property due to fall in pound

Residendantal property

 Social

 Battersea power station redevelopment (Malaysian funding) - houses 800

 50% bought by Asian

 25% have to be social

 Houses 200

 Economic

 London home average price increases in value by £10,000 per year

 Asian investors own 75% of all new investors - Central Lon

Accidental Millionaires

 More than 50,000 over 65s in London live in properties worth more than £1m -

combined property wealth of almost £130bn

 Impacts

 London gas an average property price 9x as much as average earnings

Volkswagen emissions scandal in Wolfsburg

 Interdependence

 Wolfsburg - pop of 124,

 USD $4 billion in lawsuit

 Took industry and employment away from local area

 Tourism deterred

 Volkswagen lost employees

Mcdonaldisation

 Globalisation has resulted in many businesses setting up in buying operation in other

countries - FDI and MNCs

 McDonalds - 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries

 Global impacts

 Total under 15 (~) halved

 White gone up by 16%

 Bangladeshi gone down by nearly 20%

 Owner occupied up

 10% most deprived housing

 20% most deprived overall

 10% living environment

 Informal -

 Paul Trevor - Contested place - competing meaning

 Sammy Brough poem - “Scary in the dark lane” “come for best curry lane”

 Monica Ali Book and movie - Negative rep of Bangladeshi standards

 Stik - Hipster, cross-cultural, in Racial harmony in brick lane

 Dan Jones - Shows divide

 Geog Vlog interviews - Beigels (Jewish heritage) “Used to be a poor area”

“mixed up” diversification Hipsters

London Docklands

Reasons for decline:

 Counter urbanisation:

 New towns like Milton Keyes

 Green belt creation

 Technology:

 Containerisation: post 1981 London docks closed as goods now arrived in

large containers which are loaded and unloaded by cranes onto lorries -

causes unemployment (Ford - 10,000 workers laid off)

 Globalisation:

 Competition - Rotterdam

 De-industrialisation:

 The process where businesses and associated workers move away from

areas that were previously successful industrial areas (Pears limited moved to

Wales in 1990s)

 Manufacturing moved or relocated

 ⅔ of capital’s manurfacting jobs disappeared within 20 years - 500,000 in

industry in London

 Multiplier effect

 Lack of investment, out migration and unemployment lead to derelict

buildings, lack of services and white flight

Impacts:

 Economic:

 Unemployment - 21% 41,000 since 1981

 Manufacturing decline

 Social:

 Inadequate transport links

 Low quality housing

 Tens of thousands relocated

 pop fell by 20%

 Environment:

 60% of area = derelict

Response:

UCD set up London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) to regenerate

 Economic

 Positive:

 More Jobs - 105,000 working

 Attracts FDI

 Big banks (HSBC)

 EZ = tax breaks

 Negatives:

 Billions spent

 Trickle down failed - canning town

 Locals lose jobs in tertiary sector as not trained and no other

opportunities

 Structural unemployment

 Social:

 Positive:

 50,000 new homes built since 1981 with 8,000 locals

 DLR improved transport to city

 LDDC made programmes to help train and improve qualifications in

area

 Negative

 Gentrification - expensive homes pushed out locals -> felt abandoned

by government

 Status symbol for Thatcher Britain so bombed by IRA

 Environmental:

 Positive

 £20 million spent on environment and community projects such as

parks

 600ha of land reclaimed - parks developed

 160,000 new trees

 Negative:

 Airport - noise and sound pollution

 High rise obscure skyline

Lea Valley Spiral of Decline

 MORI found that over 70% had poor attitude to work, 66% poor numeracy and 65%

poor literacy

 total crime is 40% higher than the rest of London

 £70 million per year is spent on projects to increase the employability of them but

total employment remains consistently low

 Brain drain

 Constant spiral of decline with stagnant growth - attracting few businesses

Impacts of deindustrialisation

Quality of life

indicator

Impacts of deindustrialization

Income  Lack of income due to unemployment

 New jobs may be low paid, part time, or based on zero hour

contracts

Employment  New jobs may require retraining

 Built in 2002 with money from a governemnt scheme and now demolished in

2008

Canning Town:

 Suffer from deprivation, low income, poor health, high crime

 Nine year lower life expectancy than Westminster

 HIgher than average unemployment 16% in 2002

 Main issues

 Expsenive housing

 Unaffordable and little family homes

 Low income

 Average household income of £23,

 Average personal income of £10,000 vs CW of £100,

 37% in full time employment

 Poor health

 limited by long term illness and disability of 19%

 Low educational achievement

 43% of working age adults have no qualifications

 Newham = 33%

 Negative multiplier

 Newham council only gets small council tax due to unemployment

UK gov initiated ‘Catch Project’

10,000 homes built - overcrowded and dilapidated

Better bus transport

Improvement to healthcare

Skills and training for locals

Bottom 20% on IMD

Loss of traditional industry in rural areas - Cornwall

Population trends

 Fasting growing country

 High inward migration fo 50-59 aged people - move and prepare for retirement

 Half all students in Cornish schools not born in Cornwall

 Outward migration (16-19) moving out fro better jobs (brain drain)

 A natural decrease

 Ageing population

Economic Deprivation

 Remote

 No motorways

 Low rail

 One airport

 Tourism is seasonal causes economic leakage (employed 25%-

Decline in traditional industries:

 Mackerel fishing - Common Fisheries policy

 Tourism biggest industry - 25%

 Seasonal poorly paid and part-time

 Visiting number vary

 Economic leakage common

Housing issues

 unaffordable - 8x average earnings

 Owner occupation is high

 Less social housing (12% compared to 23%)

 Needs for social housing increase

 ⅔ cannot afford

 Right to buy

 Most houses bout by retiree or second home owners

Foreign investment by MNCs

 In 2016, there were 2 projects in the UK creating over 75,000 new jobs

 EZ helps encourage FDI

EU growth programme

 Leeds

 Covers most in England, designed to reduce economic, environment and

social problems in urban areas

 Sustainable urban development

 Outer Hebrides

 Most peripheral area also benefit from assistance from ERDF

 Cornwall

 Least developed region in England

 Helps poor areas get jobs

 Helps people learn skills

 Young people tech - tertiary and quaternary

Tertisationation

 71% of all highly skilled jobs are in city centres

 Productivity 21% higher than in non-urban areas

 Charity shops +174 women’s clothing -

Walsall

 Causes

 Supermarkets put bakeries and delis out of business

 In 2011 = 6% of high street shops vacant

 2013 = 14%

 Footfall down

 Economic

 2011 = 6%

 2013 = 14%

 Dudley highest in the UK in 2012

 32% o shops vacant

 Merry hill opened

 Walsall 29%

Dudley

 £6 million to improve market (£3mil from ERDF and other from local council)

 Knocking down toilets to show view of Dudley castle

 Heritage - Castle, Duncan Edwards

Gentrification - Brick Lane

Spitalfields market - Façadism

Cambridge vs Doncaster

Rural

 11% of people in Wales are digitally excluded

 300,000 people in Wales not online - 53% if those with no qualifications use internet

Elderly

 only 40% of people over 75 use the internet compared to 97% of 16-

Deprived

 21% of disabled people are digitally excluded and 25% of those on housing benefits

Digital Inclusion

 Connectivity in rural areas

 4600 digital heroes

Rebranding

Cartmel, Cumbria

Characteristics;

 Most famous for its acient priory - christian worship for 800 years

 Famous sticky toffee pudding

 L’enclume - Michelin star restaurant by Simon Rogan

How has it been rebranded

 Number of visitors: 60,000 per year

 Investment and jobs

 A market cross and fish slabs are evidence of trading in centre of the village

 Wide variety of shops and businesses in the village show that trade is still

important

 Horse racing datin back as far as the 16th century - attracts up to 20,

people

 Venue for msuic concerts and family events

Who is behind

 Cartmel Village Society invests £100k into village projects in th last 10 years

 Previous donation from the charity have included £20,000 to the Cartmel

Primary school

 Priory restoration

Media

 Chris Evan described Cartmel as “thimble full of diamonds”

Blaenau Ffestiniog

North Wales

‘Slate capital of the world’

Historic Welsh Quarry

Need for rebranding

 Slate mining decrease

 Lack of support

 Ageing and decline population

 High vacancy rates

Rebranding

 Antur stiniog - mountain inn biking course

 Historical buildings visible

 Banks of lake redeveloped

 Ffestiniog railways to slate mine

 Llechwedd It - history of slate mine and quarry

 Bounce below

 Zip world - 3 diff zip lines

 Investment of £1 million for glamping lodgers

 Locals responsible for rebranding

 Organisations

 Welsh Assembly Government

 CERDF

Earl of Rone in Combe Martin

 Custom brought back in 1970 set up by local council

 Devon Live said thousand of locals and visitors visit the historic festivities every year

 300 BnBs in the village and surrounding area

 Media

 Top ten weirdest UK festival

 Own website

 Man travelled from the USA to attended and participate

Goodwood Festival

 Founded in 1993

 105,000,000 generated by Goodwood per year

 37 million directly back into Chichester

 200,000 attendees over four days

 Attracts car fanatics

RUF

Terling and Chelmsford

 Pop increases

 58,000 in 1971 - 120,

 Prices increase

 Traditional cottages can sell up to £750,

 Age structure - 30s adults with young kids

 Ethnicity - 97% white

 Wealth and employment - tertiary £30,000 average income

 Mobility deprivation

 single person household = 13% in 2011

 18% of all movement in rural Wales was people retiring to place of birth

Rural to rural -

 retire and dont need to travel for work

 Highest retirees 28%

 ¼ of migration is scotland and wales are R-R

London to the South

 London = 10%/year

 Rural = 3%/year

Challenges faced by Rural communities

 lack of transport

 11% of rural areas dont have cars, compared to 28% in urban

 ⅓ find public transport inadequate

 Bus services declined by ⅓ since 2000

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Changing places case studies

Subject: Human Geography

335 Documents
Students shared 335 documents in this course
Degree:

Sixth Form (A Levels)

Was this document helpful?
Clovelly
12,394 IMD 40% most deprived
Endogenous factors
Cobbled roads
Fishing
Architecture
Transport
Costal location
Exogenous factors
Tourism
Employment shift
Residence (2nd home ownership increase)
Fishing industry decline
Common fisheries policy (1 boat)
StudentificationofSwansea
Causes
Uni takes on 6x as many students than they manage (3,000/18,000)
Uni has existed for over a centuries
Built for only 3,000 with 3,500 beds on site
Now has 18,000 students - 14,500 without bed
Buy-to-let Landlords converting homes into Homes in Multiple
Occupations
Tony Blaire’s student policy - 50% young people to uni’s
Wales has lower fees - so Swansea is popular
Innovation campus = 4,000
Low alcohol prices
Impacts
Social:
Anti-social behaviour
Little parking
Economic:
Low alcohol prices
Employment in bars/pubs/clubs
Uni has 4,000 jobs
Environmental:
Pollution - rubbish and bins - 800 bags of litter in one little pick up in
Brynmill
leave behind waste
Political:
Council tax on permanent resident up
So general upkeep down as less permanent residences
Response
Police and local people created forum to alter police schedules to have more
officers on at night to reduce anti-social behaviour
ImmigrationtoSouthampton
Background
2004 - Accession 8 EU expansion with zero transitional response on
immigration
2001 - 58,000
2014 - 579,000
Causes
Wages 6x higher than in Poland for builders

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