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Theories - These are all the theorists you need to know for the video project when researching

These are all the theorists you need to know for the video project whe...
Module

Media and Communication (MEDS)

26 Documents
Students shared 26 documents in this course
Academic year: 2017/2018
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De Montfort University

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Gen re THEORIES Trzventon Toodorov Roland Barthes: He said that texts may be open or closed. He narrowed down the action of text into 5 different codes which are included into any narrative. The 5 codes are;  Narr Todorov proposed that narrative structure has 5 main stages. These can also be summarized as 3 key points: • Beginning: A state of equilibrium  • Middle: Disruption to the equilibrium • End: Reinstating of the equilibrium The Hermeneutic Code (HER) - Stage 1 A state of equilibrium is defined.  - Stage 2  Disruption to the equilibrium by some action or crisis.  - Stage 3  The Character(s) recognition that there has been a disruption, setting goals to resolve problem.  The Enigma/Proairetic Code (ACT) - Stage 4  The Character(s) attempt to repair the disruption, This is the empirical voice. This is to give the audience a cliff hanger. obstacles need to be overcome to restore order.  It builds up tension and leaves the audience guessing what happens - Stage 5  Reinstatement to the equilibrium. Situation is  The Semantic Code (SEM) is announced. resolved, a conclusion The voice of the truth - the way the story avoids telling the truth or letting facts slip; this is to drop clues in a video to create a mystery, This is the voice of the person; any dialogue that suggests a particular meaning by a connotation which the story suggests. The connotation  The Symbolic Code (SYM) Claude levi-strauss  Claude Levi-Strauss is most noted for his theory of Binary Oppositions.  He observed that all narratives are organised around the conflict between the oppositions: - Homesteaders - Native Americans / Christian  The Culture Code (REF) - Pagan Domestic – Savage/ Weak  This is the voice of Symbols. It is fairly similar to the Semantic Code, however it acts at a wider level, as it organizes semantic meaning into a broader and deeper set of meaning. This is often done in the use of contrast, where new meanings arises out of the opposing and conflict  This applies to other genres also: Sci-Fi  - Good or Bad  - Humans or Aliens  - Earth or Space - Past or Present - Normal or Strange  Audi ence Croteau, Hoynes 1997 The Effects Model or The Hypodermic Model • Consuming media texts has an effect or influence upon the audience. • This effect is often considered to be negative. • Audience are passive and powerless to prevent the influence. • The power lies with the message of the text. • Media messages are injected into the audience- the powerful, syringe-like media. • The audience is powerless to resist. The Effects Model Uses and Gratifications • If we are passive and powerless, how are we forced to receive a message from this video? • What message is injected in to us; the powerless audience? • What could the effect be? - Information Personal Identity Social Interaction Entertainment Repres entatio Rosalind Brunt (1992)  .. that ideologies are never simply ideas in peoples’ heads but are indeed myths that we live by and which contribute to our self-worth. David Gauntlett (2002)  .. that identities are not given but are constructed and negotiated. The term representation refers to the processes involved as well as to its products. For instance, in relation to the key markers of identity - Class, Age, Gender and Ethnicity (the CAGE of identity) -representation involves not only how identities are represented (or rather constructed) within the text but also how they are constructed in the processes of production and ‘Television is... the most rewarding medium to use when teaching representations of class because of the contradictions which involve a mass medium attempting to reach all the parts of its class-differentiated audience simultaneously...’ (Alvarado et al. 1987) MARXISM - A Hegemonic view of society: fundamental inequalities in power between social groups. Concept has origins in Marxist theory - ruling capitalist class are able to protect their economic interests. Representations are encoded into mass media texts in order to do this; reinforce dominant ideologies in society.

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Theories - These are all the theorists you need to know for the video project when researching

Module: Media and Communication (MEDS)

26 Documents
Students shared 26 documents in this course

University: De Montfort University

Was this document helpful?
Narr
Trzventon Toodorov
Todorov proposed that
narrative structure has 5
main stages. These can also be summarized as 3 key
points:
THEORIES
Gen
Roland Barthes :
He said that texts may be open or closed. He narrowed down the
action of text into 5 different codes which are included into any
narrative. The 5 codes are;
• Beginning: A state of equilibrium
• Middle: Disruption to the equilibrium
• End: Reinstating of the equilibrium
- Stage 1
A state of equilibrium is defined.
- Stage 2
Disruption to the equilibrium by some action or crisis.
- Stage 3
The Character(s) recognition that there has been a
disruption, setting goals to resolve problem.
- Stage 4
The Character(s) attempt to repair the disruption,
obstacles need to be overcome to restore order.
- Stage 5
Reinstatement to the equilibrium. Situation is
resolved, a conclusion is announced.
The Hermeneutic Code (HER)
The voice of the truth - the way the story avoids telling the truth or
letting facts slip; this is to drop clues in a video to create a mystery,
The Enigma/Proairetic Code (ACT)
This is the empirical voice. This is to give the audience a cliff hanger.
It builds up tension and leaves the audience guessing what happens
The Semantic Code (SEM)
This is the voice of the person; any dialogue that suggests a particular
meaning by a connotation which the story suggests The connotation
The Symbolic Code (SYM)
This is the voice of Symbols. It is fairly similar to the Semantic Code,
however it acts at a wider level, as it organizes semantic meaning into a
broader and deeper set of meaning. This is often done in the use of
contrast, where new meanings arises out of the opposing and conflict
Claude levi-strauss
Claude Levi-Strauss is most noted
This applies to other
genres also:
Sci-Fi
- Good or Bad
- Humans or Aliens
- Earth or Space
- Past or Present
l S
The Culture Code (REF)

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