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Continuity and Change at a variety of scales case study
Human Geography
Sixth Form (A Levels)
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Continuity and Change at a variety of scales:
Devonport, Plymouth - Devonport has changed considerably in the last 50 years, largely as a result of external factors. - Originally established as a naval dockyard town due to its location on the sheltered, deep-water harbour known as Plymouth Sound. - By 18th century, it had become one of the fastest growing towns in the country. - Devonports fortunes fluctuated with those of the dockyard, particularly since World War 2. - In 1952, the Navy requisitioned Devonport Town Centre as a storage enclave and enclosed it with a 3m high wall. - The community was split in two and the displaced residents were rehoused in flats/apartments ill-suited to family living. - Naval jobs continued to decline as a result of military cutbacks and this led to significant social and economic problems in 1980-1990s. - From 2001-2011, Devonport benefited from the New Deal for Communities initiative which provided funding to improve some of the most deprived areas. The scheme helped to address crime, the community, housing, education, health and employment. - Physical environment of Devonport has changed considerably. The dividing naval wall was removed, inter-war housing and flats demolished and historical landmarks incorporated into the redevelopment of the area. - Regeneration also tried to attract a wide range of people. - There are still pockets of deprivation within Devonport, but the New Deal programme and other redevelopment projects have significantly changed and improved the area, with benefits to local residents.
Bournville Village, Birmingham - Example of a place shaped by the ideals and beliefs of one family - the Cadburys - 19th century - it was built as a garden village, after the family moved to rural Bournbrook Estate - outskirts of Birmingham - build new premises for an expanding chocolate and cocoa business. - The area ensured they could build an attractive town, with all the sanitary requirements for their employees to live (no public housing was set up, however, schools, museums, public baths and libraries were set up for the workers) - A lot of green open space was left - key driver in the creation of the garden village movement later on. - The ‘place’ of Bournville has changed very little, even though Cadburys has had global success, the feel of the place , its physical appearance and its welcoming community has stayed the same. - ‘People do old-school things like talk to each other and grow veg’ - The city of Birmingham has grown and urbanised, however the ‘garden suburb’ still has the positive values from the Cadbury family e. large areas of green space remain, low crime rates, affordable homes and tightly controlled planning - Factors affecting this place - flow of people (well integrated and friendly community), flow of money and investment (used well for the benefit of the people to help maintain a high quality of life).
Medellin, Colombia
The city is nicknamed ‘The City of Eternal Spring’ and is the second largest in the whole of Colombia. However, it was once called ‘the most dangerous city in the world’ as i was associated with drugs and violence for a long period of time.
Pablo Escobar, the notorious drug lord, had enormous power in the city until his death in 1993. Unemployment, crime and poverty were widespread and this in turn created social inequality.
- It has a population of 2 million and has become a model for urban regeneration and sustainable city planning through long term investments in infrastructure and education
- In order to re-brand the city, planners recognised the need to make it easily accessible to all of its citizens both rich and poor
- Through planning the city’s long divided social classes are more able to integrate in everyday economic and educational activities
- Medellin’s poorest, many of which reside in shanty houses in the Aburra Valley, can now access the city’s economic centre courtesy of a series of outdoor escalators and a gondola system that carries people across the valley
Additional innovations include: - A bus rapid transit system named Metroplus, with dedicated bus lanes, is an extensive above ground tram system - A city wide ride sharing program - The promotion of emission free transport which has been helped by the EnCicla initiative, a free bike sharing programme that offers an integrated alternative to the public transport and mass transport systems
As a result: - Education, social programmes and the public arts and culture budgets have all been increased to transform the lives of the most underprivileged residents - Poverty rates have fallen - Inequality between the rich and poor has increase - Cultural and geographic barriers continue to limit social integration - Crime rates and gang violence remain high
Continuity and Change at a variety of scales case study
Subject: Human Geography
Sixth Form (A Levels)
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