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Overview of Main Sensory Organs and Their Functions
Foundations of Biomedical Science 1
King's College London
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Describe the function of the different sensory organs
Explain how different types of sensory receptors are used in different
sense organs
Sensory Receptors - Thermoreceptors - Pain Receptors Mechanoreceptors ○ These are found in the skin
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- Chemoreceptors
- Electromagnetic receptors
Receptors are specialised to detect different types of stimuli to generate an electrical signal - receptor potential
Taste Sugar molecules reach taste bud in tongue Sugars bind to specialised receptors on the cell membrane, called sweet receptors These trigger a signal transduction pathway, leading to the opening of ion channels in the cell membrane When these open, positive ions flow into the cell, depolarising the cell This causes NTs to be released from the cell to a sensory neuron
Overview of Main Sensory Organs and Their
Functions
Wednesday, 20 March 2019 13:
In the dark, ion channels are open, and NTs are released to Bipolar neurons
Hearing Mechanoreceptors that allow us to hear are located in the Cochlea Interior of Cochlea is divided into 3 sections, one of which is the Organ of Corti, where receptor cells are found Hair cells are what allow hearing through stereocilia Sound waves cause stereocilia to bend, opening ion channels and depolarising them NTs released, AP generated
Understand principles of how information regarding the strength or
type of stimulus may be communicated to the brain
Sensory Transduction The intensity of the stimulus is reflected in the amplitude of the receptor potential Stronger stimulus = Bigger receptor potential Bigger receptor potentials will release more NTs, and have a higher rate of AP firing
Encoding For taste, sweet and salty are distinguished by different receptor cells These cells will synapse onto dedicated interneurons
For vision, we distinguish colour through combining 3 different types of cone cells (which contain photopsin) An image of visual field is focused onto the retina by the lens Each point in space will activate a corresponding photoreceptor in the retina, producing a map of visual space based on the relative position of cells in the retina
Images from the temporal (left and right) field will be focused onto the medial part of the retina of the other eye and some onto the same eye Objects in the medial field will be focused on the temporal part of the other eye and some onto the same eye
For sound, the frequency of the sound wave is linked to the pitch, which is related to the location of the cells positioned along the cochlea
Overview of Main Sensory Organs and Their Functions
Module: Foundations of Biomedical Science 1
University: King's College London
