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The Baroreceptor Reflex
Module: The Human Body (PY4010)
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University: Kingston University
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The Baroreceptor Reflex: short term control of blood pressure
Blood:
What is blood composed of?
- White blood cells
- Red blood cells
- Platelets
-Plasma - watery fluid, where all the formed elements are suspended in, if blood clotted or
coagulated → fluid called serum
- Oxygen -PO2 mmHg kPA ml/ml
-CO2 → when it dissolves in water CO2 (aq), reacts with water forming carbonic acid, H2CO3 (aq).
Carbonic acid may loose protons to form bicarbonate, HCO3- , and carbonate, CO32-.
What are electrolytes?
- Things that allow electrical signals to be generated in cells
- E.g: Na+, K+,
-Anion that will pair up with Na+/K+ → Cl-
- Have to be careful of blood K+ levels, too high then can interfere with how cardiac/nerve cells fire
action potentials
Fuels in blood:
- Glucose
- Fat
What are some variables variables important of control in the blood:
- Interestial fluid- body needs a way of controlling osmolality of blood
- Temperature
- Blood pressure
- Reference range
What is blood pressure?
- Blood pressure is the force that causes blood to flow through the arteries, capillaries, and finally
veins back to the heart.
- It is closely regulated via several physiological mechanisms to ensure an adequate tissue blood flow.
Both systolic and diastolic pressures increase with age.
- Pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the vessels:
-Measured mainly at the arteries→ thickest walls
- Often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force & rate of the heartbeat & the
diameter
How is Arterial blood pressure presented as?
- SYSTOLIC pressure over DIASTOLIC pressure
- E.g: 120/80 mmHg
Blood pressure presents in a range. What is a low blood pressure, ideal blood pressure, pre-high blood
pressure and high blood pressure
- <90/60 - low blood pressure (Hypotension)
- 90/60 to 120/80 - ideal blood pressure (e.g: 110/70 mmHg is an ideal reading)
- 120-140 to -80-90 is pre-high blood pressure
- > 140/90 - high blood pressure (hypertension)
What is the systolic pressure?
- The MAXIMUM arterial pressure during systole i.e during contraction of the heart
What is the diastolic pressure?
- The MINIMUM pressure reached before the next systole (Contraction) i.e when the heart is refilling w.
Blood
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