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Levels of Measurement - Quantitative Research Methods Lecture
Quantitative Research Methods Lecture
Module
Quantitative research methods (PS10087)
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University of Bath
Academic year: 2022/2023
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University of Bath
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Levels of Measurement - Quantitative Research Methods Lecture
Module: Quantitative research methods (PS10087)
49 Documents
Students shared 49 documents in this course
University: University of Bath
Was this document helpful?
Levels of Measurement
Some numbers hold more information than others.
Levels of Measurement
There are four levels of measurement:
1. Nominal level (very little information - not many statistics).
2. Ordinal level.
3. Interval level.
4. Ratio level (lots of information - many statistics).
i.e. runners in a race.
Nominal - the runners number.
Ordinal - where the runners rank in a race.
Interval - spectators rating how quick runners are from 1 (slowest) - 7 (quickest).
Ratio - the time in which they complete the race.
Nominal level = when numbers are not numbers.
When numbers are just acting as names or labels.
No natural order i.e. number on a train.
Can only be counted/calculate the frequency.
Categorical - there is no continuity in what we are counting.
Ordinal level = when numbers are almost numbers.
Have a natural order i.e. place where runner's finish in a race.
But intervals are unequal i.e. education levels, ranks.
Categorical.
Interval level = when numbers really are numbers.
Have a natural order AND equal intervals.
But no true zero i.e. Celsius/Fahrenheit (there is still temperature at 0 degrees).
Continuous.
Ratio level = when numbers really are numbers.
Have a natural order AND equal intervals AND true zero i.e. weight and height.
Continuous.
