- Information
- AI Chat
Enzymes 1 - Lecture notes 4-9
Biology (C100)
University of Salford
Recommended for you
Related Studylists
Michael GodyingPreview text
What are enzymes? Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts.
What is a catalyst? substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
The place where enzymes fit is called the what? active site
Enzymes are protein so what do they need in order to work best? Optimum pH and temperature
What is enzyme-specifity? Different substrates have specific 3D shapes so enzymes have active sites of specific shapes.
Name a model of how enzymes work lock and key model - a model of how enzymes and substrates fit together
What is the active site? The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
How do animals get energy, growth and development? By digesting food
Animals get substances for energy, growth and development by digesting food. How is this different for bacteria? Bacteria release digestive enzymes into their environment and then absorb digested food into their cells.
In humans, digestive enzymes turn the large molecules in our food into what? smaller subunits they are made of
In humans, digestive enzymes turn the large molecules in our food into smaller units. Why is this? So they are small enough to be absorbed by the small intestine.
Amino acids are made up of what subunit? protein
Glucose are made up of what subunit? starch
Fatty acids/glycerol are made up of what subunit? lipids
Building larger molecules from smaller subunits is what? synthesis
Polymers are made up of what monomers
part of protein --> amino acids part of starch --> glucose molecules lipid molecule --> fatty acids & glycerol What process is this? Breakdown (digestion)
Breakdown of large molecules happens incredibly _________________ and only when? slowly only if the bonds between the smaller subunits have enough energy to break
How can reactions be speeded up? using a catalyst
Name 5 enzymes amylase catalase lipase starch synthesis DNA polymerase
Give two examples of processes that are controlled by enzymes in the human body. breakdown of starch to small sugars breakdown of DNA from its monomers
When bananas develop they mainly contain a complex carbohydrate called what starch
As bananas ripen, enzymes breakdown into starch into smaller what, give example? carbohydrates, including sugars such as sucrose and glucose
What can we use in food tests to identify changes in foods? Chemical reagents
All of the smallest sugars (including glucose and fructose) are what? Reducing sugars
Explain how to carry out Benedict's solution test. -A food solution is mixed with an equal amount of Benedict's solution -Its placed in a hot bath for a few minutes -Reducing sugars in the food cause a reduction reaction, causing the colour change in the solution and forms a precipitate.
What type of reaction occurs in a Benedict's solution test? What does this cause? Reduction - causes colour change in the solution and forms a preciptate
Enzymes 1 - Lecture notes 4-9
Module: Biology (C100)
University: University of Salford
