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Lecture notes – The electromagnetic techniques
Biology (C100)
University of Salford
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Lecture notes – The electromagnetic techniques Introduction Spectroscopy is a technique where we studied the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Matter may be ions, molecules or atoms. This technique employ light tends to interact with matter and exhibit some features of a sample to know much about its consistency or structure. The nature of the interactions in spectroscopy techniques between radiation and matter may includes- absorption, emission or scattering. Spectroscopy techniques are two types:
Qualitative spectroscopy: This technique studied the radiation absorbed or emitted by an atom or molecule which will give information about its identity. Quantitative spectroscopy: This technique will give information about the number of absorbing or emitting atoms or molecules by measuring the total amount of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation
It is a form of energy and it consists of both magnetic and electric field. It is composed of an electric and a perpendicular magnetic vector, each one oscillating in plane at right angles to the direction of propagation. Electromagnetic spectrum is mainly range from shorter wavelengths to longer wavelengths such as gamma rays. Wavelengths of the visible region of the spectrum is ranges between 400-700 nm. Blue end of the spectrum has shorter wavelengths, while red end has longer wavelengths. In spectrum, energy associated with the given segment is much related to the frequency and wavelength. Frequency (v) of the electromagnetic radiation is the number of oscillations made by wave in 1 second. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), Where, 1Hz = 1 cycle per sec. Wavelength (λ): It is the length of on complete wave cycle. Wavelength is generally measured in centimeters (cm). Wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency. The relation between wavelength and frequency is defined by:
V= c/ λ, where, c= speed of light.
E= hv = hc/ λ where, Planck’s constant (h) = 6 X 10-34 joules per second.
Wavenumber: It defines the number of completed wave cycles per distance. It is m3easuered in 1 cm-1 wavenumber is reciprocal to the wavelength. Types of spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the collective terms for diverse group of techniques which involves the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with a matter of interest are studied. Radiation is either get scattered, emitted or absorbed, when the radiations meets with the matter.
Lecture notes – The electromagnetic techniques
Module: Biology (C100)
University: University of Salford
