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Exam 2015, questions - Past exam

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University of Westminster

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UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Semester Two Module Code: 1ELG505 Module Title: Discourse Analysis Level: Five Date: Friday 22 May, 2015 Time Allowed: 2 Hours Instructions to Candidates: There are three sections to this examination. You should write all answers in the answer booklet provided. Make sure you number each question clearly. Part A Answer all 25 questions. Each question carries two marks. Part B Answer all 15 questions. Each question carries two marks. Part C Answer the written text analysis question. DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO THE INVIGILATOR 1ELG505 Discourse Analysis Examination Paper Time allowed: 2 Hours Part A Answer all 20 questions. This section requires short answers only. Write the answer to every question in the answer booklet provided. Each question carries two marks. 1. Define phatic communication in one sentence. 2. The speed, volume, etc., of a conversation can collectively be called what? 3. What are two possible speaker variables (Milroy Milroy, 1997), also known as social variables (Swann, 2004)? 4. According to Sacks et al. (1974), turns can be seen as complete grammar, intonation and what? 5. What is a linguistic variant, as compared to a linguistic variable? 6. What do Reyes (2005) and others mean indexicality? 7. Define prescriptive linguistics in one sentence. 8. Define accountable in the context of a phone call opening. 9. What distinction can be made between meaning and sense? 10. What are two linguistic features that distinguish a preferred response from a dispreferred response? 11. If a speaker says more than necessary, but the listener understands the message, is the speaker adhering, flouting or violating the maxim of quantity? 12. According to the cooperative principle, messages that are communicated implicitly without being spoken explicitly are called what? 13. According to Werth, for texts to be coherent they must be connected in three ways: syntactically, pragmatically and what? 14. Define register in one sentence. 15. According to Halliday, register can be analysed precisely looking at a tenor, mode and what? 16. Explain the difference between positive face and negative face in one sentence. 17. What are two ways of attempting to mitigate a act? 18. Explain the main purpose of critical discourse analysis in one sentence. Page 1 of 6 1ELG505 Discourse Analysis Examination Paper Friday, 22 May 2015 THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. Page 3 of 6 1ELG505 Discourse Analysis Examination Paper Friday, 22 May 2015 Part B Spoken Text Analysis Answer all 15 questions. This section requires short answers only. Write the answer to every question in the answer booklet provided. Each question carries two marks. In the following excerpt of a conversation, a grandmother (M) and a grandfather (F) in one location are talking to their granddaughter (D) who is in another location. They are using Skype, a service, so they can only see whatever is positioned directly in front of the other laptop camera. Transcription Notations M grandmother D granddaughter F grandfather emphasis noticeable pause, less than one second long noticeable pause, between one and two seconds long rising intonation 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 M: hi Jessie D: hello hello I wanna show you this M: move that move that left or maybe your right so I can see it I am never sure which way to say D: can you see I made it at school at art club M: oh wonderful did you make it at church D: at art club M: oh yes today that your daddy picks you up grandpa is here now F: hello sweetie D: where were you grandpa F: I was bringing the dog in from the back M: would you show grandpa your picture please F: if you stop moving we can see better there it is M: is it a fairy D: fairies have wings M: oh of course they have wings not so interested in them anymore F: is it a D: grandpa stop it Page 4 of 6 1ELG505 Discourse Analysis Examination Paper Friday, 22 May 2015 Part C Written Text Analysis Answer Part C in the form of an essay. This question carries 20 marks. Read the following normal transmission, abnormal transmission text. Analyse the text in a way that shows your knowledge of the concepts and tools linguists use to analyse written data. You will score higher marks your knowledge of a variety of tools and concepts. examples of those tools and concepts from the text. the linguists associated with terms and concepts you describe. (You do not need to cite dates.) formal, standard written English. Bullet points will not be marked. The following five prompts may be useful: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify the genre of the text. Identify some characteristics of the author of the text. Identify the audience for the text. Comment on the register of the text. Comment on the information in the text: what information is assumed, what information is present, how is the information organised? normal transmission, abnormal transmission Terms coined Sarah Grey Thomason and Thomas Kaufman (1988) to characterise different ways in which a community acquires a first language. Normal transmission usually denotes a situation in which a community acquires its first language from the previous generation, with all components of the language (phonology, grammar, vocabulary) Normal transmission would also include those cases of LANGUAGE SHIFT in which children learn a first language from a new reference group with which they are in regular contact, with all components coming from this language. Abnormal transmission denotes a situation where, through force of circumstances, a group of speakers is unable to maintain its former languages and aims at a TARGET language associated with a dominant reference group, but lacks sufficient access to this language to acquire all its components. Typically, speakers acquire the vocabulary of the target language but retain the grammatical structures of the languages spoken their generation. In so doing they come up with a new language, a CREOLE. Abnormal transmission thus implies that different subcomponents of a new language derive historically from different languages. Whilst the negative tones of have not been critiqued, linguists would insist that Creole languages are not in any sense they are systems. See also ABRUPT CREOLISATION END Page 6 of 6 1ELG505 Discourse Analysis Examination Paper Friday, 22 May 2015

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