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03b 1Sam 1,1-4,1a Sum - Lecture 3b

Lecture 3b
Course

I And II Samuel (UBBL 310)

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Students shared 24 documents in this course
Academic year: 2019/2020
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Alyssa Hamilton
Azusa Pacific University
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Unit 3: Birth and Childhood of Samuel I. Literary Structure 1. A major theme of Samuel is that Yahweh uses the weak who humble themselves to deliver his people from evil, but rejects those who trust in themselves. 2. This principle is first illustrated and specifically stated Hannah It is then applied to the nation in their conflict with the Philistines under Samuel the Judge and the priest Eli Finally, it is applied to the nation in view of her first kings, Saul and David (1 Sam Sam 24). Samuel: 1 Sam Rise of Hannah and fall of Peninnah: The birth of Samuel and the exaltation of Hannah above Peninnah: dedication of Samuel: prayer: the humble exalted and the proud abased: Rise of Samuel and fall of Eli: Hannah and Samuel over Eli and his sons: The Ark judgment from the Lord: 4:1b7:1 Transition from judges to kings: 812 Deliverance from the Lord through Samuel: 3. As shown in the chart above, the first section of 1 Samuel (light blue) ends with 2:11. 1 Sam 2:12 starts a new section (green), since it introduces sons and their wicked ways, and begins to create a stark contrast between family and family. 4. The first section in light blue concerns the rise of Hannah and fall of it falls into three parts: A. The birth of Samuel and the exaltation of Hannah above Peninnah B. dedication of Samuel C. prayer: the humble exalted and the proud abased II. Commentary on A. The birth of Samuel and the exaltation of Hannah above Peninnah 1. The year is around 1100 BC. Elkanah was a pious man from Ramathaim (literally, Ramathaim is probably the same place as Ramah of Benjamin, since in 1:19, Elkanah and Hannah return home to Ramah from Shiloh. Ramah is best identified with the Palestinian Arab town of 5 miles north of Jerusalem. An Israelite home from the time of Samuel 3. To get to Shiloh from Ramah, a distance of about 15 miles, one traveled along a single road which happens to be the same road that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob traveled along centuries before. 4. This road is commonly called the Route of the Patriarchs. In the picture below, you can see the modern road winding its way through the Ephraim hills on the way to Shiloh. 5. Elkanah had two wives: Peninnah had children but Hannah had none. To the detriment and heartache of many women, it was commonly thought that sterility was a sign of disfavor. 6. Hannah felt low and abandoned, yet she also had faith in God. Sadly, in the ancient world, the woman was to blame even if it was the man who was the infertile partner. This is Archaeological remains at Shiloh from the time of Samuel. The two homes you see here were built into the side of the hill and against a city wall from the time of Abraham. Nothing else is known of Shiloh from the time of Samuel. Nothing remains of the tabernacle, but it presumably stood on the low broad hill on the north (see the photo above). 9. Eli was the high priest of the Shiloh temple. When he saw Hannah praying, he mistakenly thought she was drunk, because he could only see her move her mouth and heard no evidently, he was not able to recognize true piety when he saw it! Note how here and elsewhere, one of the interests of the writer is to signal the ineffectiveness of Eli and his high priesthood. 10. God answered prayer. She conceived, bore a son, and named him Samuel. See Arnold, p. 57 for the meaning of his name. Oddly, the explanation given in 1:20 is have asked him of The person whose name would be based on the Hebrew verb is not Samuel but Saul. See Arnold, pp. for further discussion. I have an alternative explanation: (his name is God) is very close in sound to (God hears). One possible way to explain this apparent discrepancy might be to posit a play on words: Hannah asked and God heard giving her a son. 11. Another possibility suggested one of my teachers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is that the verb not only means to or but also to or When I check a book out of the Israeli library, I it and the library it to me. The same verb is used for both meanings. If this is the idea, then in return for the gift of the child, Hannah the child back to God devoting him to divine service in the temple at The Audacity of Hope 1. Most have heard of President Barack second book, The Audacity of Hope, but many are unaware that the title was inspired a sermon given one Sunday morning the Reverend Jeremiah Wright the first time Obama attended a service at Trinity United Church of Christ in South Side. 2. The title of the sermon was based on our passage the story of Hannah, who suffered the bitter humiliation of her barrenness and taunting Peninnah. Rev. main point was that in the face of all these odds, Hannah had the audacity of hope . . . the audacity to look beyond her present circumstances of rejection and despair . . . the audacity to look upward and sing and praise and thank God in advance for all that she hoped for. And the Good News was that God heard her prayer and answered it. It is this sermon, described in Dreams from My Father that set a tearful Barack Obama on the road to salvation. B. dedication of Samuel 1. After Samuel is born, Hannah fulfills her vow and Samuel to the temple of Yahweh at Shiloh. This took amazing faithfulness and courage, and must have been a particularly difficult thing for her to do. Imagine a woman who was barren and teased other because of it, and finally bears a son. But then after weaning him, gives Samuel back to God. Clearly, God honored this kind of courage and integrity. 2. Once again Hannah refers to her son using a Hebrew verb based on name (Hebrew, shaul requested, asked for, borrowed, loaned) rather than on the Hebrew root of name his name is God). This whole series of plays on name may be an artistic prefiguring of the larger story about how and why God grants a king to Israel. C. prayer: the humble exalted and the proud abased 1. Hannah prayed a prayer of thanksgiving at the dedication. It is called (1 Samuel and celebrates great reversal. God in his grace, mercy and faithfulness turns weakness to strength and death to life. A couple of the lines provide the flavor of the prayer: 1 My heart rejoices in Yahweh.. I rejoice in your victory. 4 The bows of the mighty are broken, but the feeble gird on strength. 6 Yahweh kills and gives life, he brings down to Sheol and raises up, 7 Yahweh makes poor and makes he humbles, he also exalts. 8 He raises the poor up from the 5. Another word of interest is See what Arnold has to say about this in NIVAC, pp. The Hebrew verb is mashakh. From this verb we get the noun, mashiakh, which is rendered into English as So from the Hebrew expression, we get the in English. In Greek, mashiakh was rendered christos, which gave us the title as in the or more simply, Thus, is the Greek way of saying the 6. Finally, and in 2 Sam share very similar language. In effect, both songs frame the entire composition of Samuel. Song marks the beginning of the book in 1 Samuel 2, while songs mark the end of the book in 2 Samuel Both compositions, a. Rejoice in deliverance from enemies (2:1 b. Celebrate God as a rock (2:2 22:32) c. Speak of Sheol (2:6 22:6) d. Describe thundering in darkness (2:10 22:14, 29) e. Describe protection of the faithful (2:9 22:26) f. Describe steadfast love for the king as anointed leader (2:10 23:1) Commentary on Samuel: 1 Sam Rise of Hannah and fall of Peninnah: The birth of Samuel and the exaltation of Hannah above Peninnah: dedication of Samuel: prayer: the humble exalted and the proud abased: Rise of Samuel and fall of Eli: Hannah and Samuel over Eli and his sons: The ark judgment from the Lord: 4:1b7:1 Transition from judges to kings: 812 Deliverance from the Lord through Samuel: This unit on the rise of Samuel and fall of Eli (1 Sam is made up of three sections. In each section the same principle applies, Yahweh uses the weak who humble themselves to deliver his people from oppression, but rejects the proud who trust in themselves. A. Hannah and Samuel over Eli and his sons In this first of the three sections Hannah and her son Samuel are compared to Eli and his sons. ineffectiveness and the evil of his sons are contrasted with the integrity and service of Hannah and Samuel. The first cycle of comparison: 1. Hophni and Phinehas (both are Egyptian names) appropriated the sacrifices of the people in a way, taking the best for themselves. 2. contrast, Samuel to grow in stature and favor with the Lord and with Hannah continued to serve God allowing Samuel to serve the Lord (see picture below). 2. The message Samuel received was the same one delivered the anonymous of family would be removed from office. From that point on the word of Yahweh was revealed to Samuel and he was recognized everyone to be a prophet. IV. Theological Issues A. The prophetic pronouncement of judgment 1. Why does God give repeated words of judgment against the house of Eli? An anonymous man of God prophesied against the house of Eli in Chapter 2 and Samuel does the same thing again in Chapter 3. 2. Upon closer scrutiny it seems that the first statement of condemnation was a conditional prophecy that would not be carried out if Eli genuinely repented of his sin. Review what Arnold says about this on p. 76 of NIVAC. When God saw that no repentance and change of heart and action were forthcoming, God gave the second and final word of judgment through Samuel. The punishment was then carried out with the capture of the Ark of the Covenant in Chapter 4, although many years after the words were first spoken. 3. Keep in mind that not all prophecies are the same: there are prophecies which cannot be reversed or changed, and there are prophecies which are warnings of the judgment to come unless people repent and are forgiven. 4. Another example of the second type of prophecy is word to Saul in Chapter 13. It was initially given as a warning of judgment and an opportunity for Saul to repent. Unfortunately, however, Saul did not change (or but continued to disobey God. Thus, Samuel gave a final word of judgment against kingship and his dynasty in Chapter 15 that was ultimately fulfilled. The Lord will not of this decision because the time for repentance had passed. Arnold reminds us of the importance of remaining faithful to calling in our own day and age on p. 78 of NIVAC. B. The Call of Samuel in 1 Samuel 3 1. Recall 1 Sam 3:1 where we are told how Samuel was ministering to Yahweh under Eli. The historian tells us that word of Yahweh was rare in those visions were not It was not that God had abandoned Israel. The problem was there was no one who would speak forth his Word. In this way, physical barrenness provides a perfect poetic parallel to the spiritual barrenness that Israel experienced at that time. 2. Time and again the call of God came, but Samuel did not realize that it was God calling him (see 3:7). Neither did Eli. It is quite the indictment that Eli apparently was not used to

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03b 1Sam 1,1-4,1a Sum - Lecture 3b

Course: I And II Samuel (UBBL 310)

24 Documents
Students shared 24 documents in this course

University: Azusa Pacific University

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Unit 3: Birth and Childhood of Samuel (1:1-4:1a)
I. Literary Structure
1. A major theme of 1-2 Samuel is that Yahweh uses the weak
who humble themselves to deliver his people from evil, but
rejects those who trust in themselves.
2. This principle is first illustrated and specifically stated by
Hannah (1:1-2:11). It is then applied to the nation in their
conflict with the Philistines under Samuel the Judge and the
priest Eli (2:12-7:17). Finally, it is applied to the nation in
view of her first kings, Saul and David (1 Sam 8-2 Sam 24).
3. As shown in the chart above, the first section of 1 Samuel
(light blue) ends with 2:11. 1 Sam 2:12 starts a new section
(green), since it introduces Eli’s sons and their wicked ways,
and begins to create a stark contrast between Hannah’s
family and Eli’s family.
4. The first section in light blue concerns the rise of Hannah and
fall of Peninnah; it falls into three parts:
A. The birth of Samuel and the exaltation of Hannah above
Peninnah (1:1-20)
Samuel: 1 Sam 1-12
Rise of Hannah and fall of
Peninnah: 1:1-2:11
Rise of Samuel and fall of Eli: 2:12-7:17
Transition
from
judges to
kings: 8-
12
The birth
of Samuel
and the
exaltation
of
Hannah
above
Peninnah:
1:1-20
Hannah’s
dedication
of
Samuel:
1:21-27
Hannah’s
prayer:
the
humble
exalted
and the
proud
abased:
2:1-11
Hannah and
Samuel
over Eli and
his sons:
2:12-4:1a
Deliverance
from the
Lord
through
Samuel:
7:2-17

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