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Week 2 Assignment - Questions on eukaryotes and prokaryotes
General Genetics (BIOL 209)
Bowie State University
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Sydney Barnes Week 2 Assignment 1 the process of replication in prokaryotes and compare it to the replication process in eukaryotes. Be sure to mention the key enzymes involved. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes process of replication differ are similar as they involve initiation at the origin of replication, unwinding of the DNA strands, elongation through the synthesis of leading and lagging strands, RNA priming and Okazaki fragment synthesis on the lagging strand, joining of the fragments, and eventual termination. Some differences include prokaryotes being formed into a single cellular organism while eukaryotes include multiple linear chromosomes. In addition for eukaryotes, replication happens during the s phase of the cell cycle while prokaryotes lack a defined cell cycle therefore replication can happen during many parts of the unclaimed cycle. Both prokaryote and eukaryote have common enzymes such as DNA helicase and DNA polymerases, however distinct features such as Topoisomerases in enzymes cannot be seen in prokaryotes. In conclusion, both have many similarities within the process itself, however prokaryotic replication is arguably simpler and typically occurs at a single origin, while eukaryotic replication is more complex with multiple origins distributed across the genome. 2 are the key features of a bacterial origin of replication? Key features of a bacterial origin of replication include conserved sequence, AT-rich region, DnaA binding sites, and interactions with initiator proteins. 3 and explain different types of RNA modifications during transcription One RNA modification type during transcription is 5' Capping. A 5'-5' triphosphate linkage is created when a modified guanine nucleotide is attached to the end of an RNA making it look reversed. The 5' cap supports the RNA by boosting the efficiency in the translation and helping with the transfer of mRNA to the cytoplasm from the nucleus RNA modification is RNA Splicing. RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus when introns are taken away from the pre-mRNA while the exons conjoin. Another RNA modification is RNA Methylation. RNA methylation is when a methyl group is added to a certain nucleotide in RNA molecules. RNA methylation can play a detrimental role in conserving mRNA stability, exportation,and translation following only name a few of the RNA modifications that can happen during transcription. 4 and contrast two mechanisms for transcriptional termination in bacteria Two mechanisms for transcriptional termination in bacteria are Rho-dependent termination and Rho-independent termination. Some similarities both mechanisms have is they guide the RNA transcription into being freed. In addition,they both play a major role in making sure the correct termination of transcription at specific sites on the DNA template. The major difference is in the molecular process. In addition, the main differences between Rho- independent and Rho-dependent mechanisms are the requirements for specific protein factors (Rho factor), ATP dependency, the involvement of structural elements in the RNA transcript, and the complexity of the terminated transcripts.
Week 2 Assignment - Questions on eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Course: General Genetics (BIOL 209)
University: Bowie State University
