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Case study week 4 - notes
Basic Anatomy & Physiology I (BIO 117)
Camden County College
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Case Study 4: Tissues Yissel Diaz Chamberlain University BIOS251-11911: Anatomy and Physiology 1 Dr. Sandra Hampton January 31, 2024
Case Study 4 The skin has a superficial layer of skin called epidermis. The epidermis consists of five different layers. The layers are also called strata or stratum. The layers are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The basale layer includes stems cells which are essential for regeneration of the layer. Spinosum layer is known to be called the prickly layer which is below the basale layer. It’s known to be the prickly layer as the keratinocytes in the layer are polyhedral shape and have many little projections that are spiny in the intracellular space. The granulosum layer is the center and the cells in this layer secrete lamellar granules which have lipids and proteins into the extracellular space. This makes it so the formation of the hydrophobic lipid envelope be responsible for the skin’s barrier and holds the stratum corneum together. The lucidum layer is only seen in thick skin like the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. This layer is considered a transition layer. Lastly the corneum layer job is to be the epidermis barrier and work as a sponge to prevent trans epidermal water loss. The four different cell junctions are tight, adhering, desmosomes, and gap. The tight junction looks like a zipper which is between two adjacent cells by the transmembrane cell- adhesion proteins. It closes off the intercellular space so that no substances are able to pass between cells. Adheres junction main job is to maintain the physical association between cells. Desmosome junction looks like a patch that holds up the cells together. It helps keeps cells from pulling apart. Lastly, gap junction is formed by ring- like connexons. The connexons includes six transmembrane proteins. It allows ions, nutrients, and other small substances to pass between the cells. The gap junction is located in the cardiac and smooth muscle or even the eye like the lens and cornea.
Case Study 4 Reference Hatzfeld, M., Haffner, C., Schulze, K., & Vinzens, U. (2000). The function of Plakophilin 1 in desmosome assembly and actin filament organization. The Journal of Cell Biology, 149 (1), 209 – 222. doi/10.1083/jcb.149.1. Tasneem Poonawalla, M. D. (n.). Dermatology. Anatomy of the Skin. utmb/pedi_ed/CoreV2/Dermatology/page_03.htm
Case study week 4 - notes
Course: Basic Anatomy & Physiology I (BIO 117)
University: Camden County College
