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Quizlet 2 - Blank

Quizlet 2 - Blank Quizlet 2 - Blank Quizlet 2 - Blank Quizlet 2 - Blan...
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Basic Biology (BIOL 111)

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  1. Which of following statements describes a differ- ence between replication of DNA and transcription of RNA? a. Nucleoside triphosphates are the precursors for replication, but nucleoside diphosphates are used for transcription. b. Both strands of DNA are copied in replication, but usually only one is copied in transcription. c. Base pairing is used to copy the sequence in repli- cation, but not in transcription. d. The chain grows from the 5' to the 3' end in replica- tion, but 3' to 5' in transcription. e. None of these

b. Both strands of DNA are copied in replication, but usually only one is copied in tran- scription.

  1. Which of following statements concerning RNA tran- scription is false? a. The DNA strands become separated during synthe- sis. b. Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA c. The template strand is read in the 3' ’ 5' direction. d. All 4 ribonucleotides are required. e. A primer is required for RNA synthesis

b. Synthesis of RNA is as accu- rate as synthesis of DNA

  1. Which of following statements concerning RNA tran- scription is false? a. The release of pyrophosphate from a nucleoside triphosphate drives the reaction. b. RNA is synthe- sized from the 5' end to the 3' end. c. DNA to RNA base pairing includes A to U and G to C. d. Transcription requires the use of a primer. e. None of these

d. Transcription re- quires the use of a primer.

  1. The enzyme principally responsible for RNA synthe- sis in Escherichia coli a. is a multisubunit enzyme b. consists of a single polypeptide chain c. requires Mn2+ for activity d. requires a DNA primer

a. is a multisubunit enzyme

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v

  1. The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's a. True b. False

b. False

  1. Which of the following correctly describes a differ- ence between RNA & DNA polymerases? a. RNA polymerases usually do not need a template, while DNA polymerases do. b. DNA polymerases usually require a primer (i., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not. c. RNA polymerases usually synthesize introns, while DNA polymerases synthesize cistrons. d. RNA polymerases polymerize 5' ’ 3', while DNA polymerases polymerize 3' ’ 5'. e. None of these

b. DNA poly- merases usually require a primer (i., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not.

  1. How do the core enzyme and the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase differ in E. coli? a. The holoenzyme includes the sigma (Ã) subunit, the core enzyme does not b. The core enzyme includes the sigma (Ã) subunit, the holoenzyme does not. c. The holoenzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the core enzyme from a DNA template. d. The core en- zyme transcribes from an RNA template, the holoen- zyme from a DNA template.

a. The holoen- zyme includes the sigma (Ã) subunit, the core enzyme does not

  1. Which of these terms does not describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis? a. Template strand b. Coding strand c. Antisense strand d. Negative or "" strand e. All these terms describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis

b. Coding strand

  1. At what point does the sigma (Ã) subunit of RNA poly- merase released from the core enzyme?

b. After tran- scription begins

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v c. the 35 region d. the UP element

  1. The promoter site is a. the start site for transcription in DNA b. the binding site for regulatory proteins that stimu- late transcription c. the general region of DNA downstream from the start site d. the site on DNA at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription e. None of these

d. the site on DNA at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate tran- scription e. None of these

  1. Which of the following offers the best description of a Pribnow box? a. A promoter consensus sequence located at ap- proximately 35. b. A promoter consensus sequence located at ap- proximately 10. c. A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termination of transcription. d. A sequence immedi- ately surrounding the start site of transcription.

b. A promoter con- sensus sequence located at approx- imately 10.

  1. Initiation of RNA biosynthesis involves a. recognition of the promoter region by the ± subunit of RNA polymerase b. conversion of the closed-promoter complex to the open-promoter complex c. binding of one of the ± subunits of RNA polymerase to each strand of DNA d. incorporation of four pyrimidine nucleotides in succession

b. conversion of the closed-pro- moter complex to the open-promot- er complex

  1. Consensus sequences are a. sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA. b. sequences required for transcription to occur c. sequences that have many bases in common d. sequences that lie far upstream of the core promot- er.

c. sequences that have many bases in common

18.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v What provides the energy for rho-dependent chain termination? a. ATP hydrolysis distinct from any incorporation into the chain. b. Nucleotide hydrolysis associated with incorpora- tion into the chain. c. Torsional stress built into the separating DNA strands. d. There is no energy requirement.

a. ATP hydrolysis distinct from any incorporation into the chain.

  1. Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase a. can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. b. dictate the direction that RNA Polymerase pro- ceeds from the promoter. c. dictate whether sigma (Ã) factor is required. d. never occur. e. have no effect on transcription

a. can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene.

  1. Which of the following best describes the order of events at the promoter? a. open complex ’ closed complex ’ transcription initi- ation b. closed complex ’ open complex ’ transcription initi- ation c. open complex ’ transcription initiation ’ closed com- plex d. transcription initiation ’ open complex ’ closed com- plex

b. closed complex ’ open complex ’ transcription initia- tion

  1. What provides the energy for the conversion from the open complex to chain elongation? a. ATP hydrolysis distinct from any incorporation into the chain. b. Nucleotide hydrolysis associated with incorpora- tion into the chain. c. Torsional stress built into the separating DNA strands.

c. Torsional stress built into the separating DNA strands.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v scriptionally d. The first nucleotide is always modified after tran- scription

  1. The weakness of AU base pairs at the end of the RNA molecule may help in dissociation of the new RNA product. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. There is only one sigma subunit, since the same RNA Polymerase must bind to all genes in E. coli. a. True b. False

b. False

  1. How do enhancers differ from promoters? a. Enhancers do not bind RNA polymerase. b. Enhancers include the UP element. c. Enhancers bind the sigma (Ã) factor. d. There is no difference; these terms are synony- mous.

a. Enhancers do not bind RNA poly- merase.

  1. Which of the following is the best description of an operon? a. An enhancer that positively regulates gene expres- sion. b. An silencer that negatively regulates gene expres- sion. c. A binding element for the sigma (Ã) factor. d. A group of genes under the control of a common promoter.

d. A group of genes under the control of a com- mon promoter.

  1. Operons a. control the expression of constitutive genes. b. are subject to positive or to negative control. c. are not affected by mutations in the genes for repressors or inducers. d. occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

b. are subject to positive or to neg- ative control.

  1. e. All of these.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v Which of the following influence the amount of ex- pression of an operon? a. Availability of the specific sigma factor for that operon. b. How well the Pribnow box conforms to the consen- sus sequence. c. Attenuation mechanisms. d. Presence of 3' 5' cyclic AMP. e. All of these.

  1. Which of the following does not influence the timing of expression of an operon? a. Repressors b. Co-repressors c. Presence of substrates of the operon which need to be degraded d. Inducers e. All of these influence the timing of expression

a. Repressors

  1. A mutation in the lac A gene would result in a. continuous production of the proteins encoded by the three structural genes b. continuous production of the lac repressor c. normal operation of the lac operon, but with an alteration in the proteins encoded by the lac A gene d. no transcription from the lac operon

c. normal opera- tion of the lac operon, but with an alteration in the proteins encoded by the lac A gene

  1. Cyclic AMP affects transcription by a. triggering the action of several protein factors b. phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase c. phosphorylating a transcription factor d. inhibiting DNA looping e. None of these

a. triggering the action of several protein factors

  1. A single operon a. usually contains all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. b. usually does not contain all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. c. usually contains only a single structural gene for a

a. usually contains all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomole- cule.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v

  1. Which of the conditions would result in the least amount of transcription of the lac operon I. glucose=high, lactose=high II. glucose=low, lactose=low III. glucose=high, lactose=low IV. glucose=low, lactose=high a. I b. II c. III d. IV

c. III

  1. Control of transcription in prokaryotes does not in- volve a. enhancers. b. silencers. c. leucine zipper proteins. d. alternative à factors.

c. leucine zipper proteins.

  1. Inducers for operons are often structurally related to the enzyme substrates of that operon. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Inducers allow for a system in which an enzyme is not made unless it is needed. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. The catabolite activator protein can overcome the effect of a repressor binding to the operon. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Which of the following is true about riboswitches: a. They have a molecule sensing domain called an aptamer b. There are known pathogens that use riboswitches as part of their mechanism c. They respond to specific molecules and control translation in a way that is often similar to transcrip- tion attenuation

e. All of these

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v d. They contain a sensing domain and a decision making domain e. All of these

  1. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases, is false? a. There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukary- otes, instead of just one. b. Eukaryotic polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryotic ones. c. Only prokaryotic polymerases use sigma factor. d. The enzymatic mechanism is the same for both types of organisms.

b. Eukaryotic poly- merases have the same num- ber of subunits as prokaryotic ones.

  1. Which enzyme transcribes genes encoding tRNA in eukaryotes? a. RNA polymerase I b. RNA polymerase II c. RNA polymerase III d. Different tRNAs are transcribed by different RNA polymerases.

c. RNA poly- merase III

  1. Which of the following is not a key step in the activa- tion of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes? a. Binding of TBP to the DNA. b. Binding of other transcription factors. c. Binding of RNA Pol I. d. Phosphorylation of the RNA Pol. e. All of these are necessary to initiate RNA synthesis in eukaryotes.

c. Binding of RNA Pol I.

  1. Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false? a. Perma- nent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. b. The different RNA Polymerases share some sub- units. c. The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II.

d. Eukaryotic RNA polymeras- es are generally monomeric.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v

  1. Transcription in eukaryotes differs from RNA synthe- sis in prokaryotes a. by requiring a primer. b. by simplifying the process with multifunctional en- zymes. c. in using more complex à factors. d. by having multiple RNA polymerases rather than one.

d. by having mul- tiple RNA poly- merases rather than one.

  1. RNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes a. have sequence homology in catalytic subunits b. have identical à factors c. differ because there is no analogue to the prokary- otic ± subunit in eukaryotes d. have the same number and kind of subunits

a. have sequence homology in cat- alytic subunits

  1. A transcription factor is a. a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryotic analogue. b. the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcription. c. a protein other than RNA polymerase that is in- volved in transcription. d. a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer or silencer.

c. a protein oth- er than RNA poly- merase that is involved in tran- scription.

  1. Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is primarily controlled a. by two transcription factors b. by keeping the TATA-binding protein physically separated from other transcription factors c. by the order of binding of TFIIA and TFIIB d. in the formation of the preinitiation complex

d. in the formation of the preinitiation complex

  1. The eukaryotic TATA-binding protein (TBP) functions in a manner similar to a. sigma (Ã) factor in E. coli. b. rho (Á) factor in E. coli. c. lac I in E. coli. d. CAP in E. coli.

a. sigma (Ã) factor in E. coli.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v

  1. Which of the following transcription factors is in- volved in the elongation phase of eukaryotic tran- scription? a. TFIIA b. TFIID c. TFIIF d. There are no transcription factors associated with elongation.

c. TFIIF

  1. The elongation and termination phases of eukaryotic transcription a. require several protein factors b. are better understood than the initiation phase c. are not subject to control mechanisms, only the initiation phase d. proceed at a constant rate and always stop at the same termination sequence

a. require several protein factors

  1. Which of the following is not true? a. The mechanism of activation of eukaryotic genes involves addition and removal of phosphate residues from some of the transcription factors. b. In plants, there are 5 RNA polymerases. c. RNA Pol IV is the primary RNA synthesizer in plants d. Of the RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes, Pol II is the most extensively studied.

c. RNA Pol IV is the primary RNA synthesizer in plants

  1. The major difference between RNA initiation in eu- karyotes and prokaryotes is the number of factors involved in the process. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. General transcription activation in eukaryotes re- quires a. a specific enhancer common to all genes b. a specific silencer common to all genes

c. a protein called Mediator

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v

  1. Proteins that recognize DNA with specific base se- quences are a. more likely to bind to the major groove. b. more likely to bind to the minor groove. c. equally likely to bind to the major or minor grooves. d. never occur.

a. more likely to bind to the major groove.

  1. The leucine zipper is different from other DNA bind- ing domains, since it requires the DNA-binding pro- tein to form a dimer. a. True b. False

b. False

  1. DNA binding domains are distinct from transcrip- tion-activation domains. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Which of the following is not a structural motif en- countered in DNA-binding proteins? a. helix-turn-helix b. leucine zipper c. zinc finger d. ²barrel

d. ²barrel

  1. CREB contains the following structural motif: a. Helix-turn-helix b. ²barrel c. Zinc finger d. Leucine zipper

d. Leucine zipper

  1. Which of the following best describes leucine zipper motifs? a. They allow protein-protein interactions via hy- drophobic bonds. b. They allow protein-protein interactions via hydro- gen bonds. c. They allow protein-protein interactions via electro- static interactions.

a. They allow pro- tein-protein inter- actions via hy- drophobic bonds.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v d. They allow protein-DNA interactions by fitting into the major groove of DNA

  1. Which of the following is not a common modification occurring after polymerization of RNA? a. Methylation of bases. b. Addition of phosphate to the bases. c. Removal of bases from the polymer. d. Addition of bases to the polymer. e. All of these changes are common.

b. Addition of phosphate to the bases

  1. Alternative removal of exons from mRNA is important in which of the following? a. Troponins and other contractile proteins. b. Different types of collagen. c. The disease lupus. d. Alzheimer's disease. e. All of these.

e. All of these.

  1. Capping of eukaryotic mRNA a. occurs at the 5' end. b. occurs at the 3' end. c. occurs at both ends. d. doesn't occur at all.

a. occurs at the 5' end.

  1. Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA a. occurs at the 5' end. b. occurs at the 3' end. c. occurs at both ends. d. doesn't occur at all.

b. occurs at the 3' end.

  1. Which of the following is involved in regulation of eukaryotic transcription? a. Histone acetyltransferase b. Histone deacetylase c. Chromatin remodeling complexes d. Octamer sliding e. All of the choices

e. All of the choic- es

81.

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v final sequence of messenger RNA c. the binding sites for DNA polymerase d. the binding sites for RNA polymerase

  1. A commonly encountered feature of transfer RNA synthesis is a. the precursor of several tRNA molecules is tran- scribed in one long polynucleotide sequence b. there is little or no base modification after tran- scription c. modification of the sugar moiety never takes place d. the covalent binding of tRNA to specific proteins

a. the precur- sor of several tRNA molecules is transcribed in one long polynu- cleotide sequence

  1. Post-transcription processing of mRNA in prokary- otes is required. a. True b. False

b. False

  1. The lariat mechanism has been demonstrated by observing the lariat structure using electron mi- croscopy. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Alternative splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same gene. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation? a. 5' end only b. 3' end only c. Both ends d. Neither end e. The RNA is circular and has no ends.

c. Both ends

  1. Which ends of prokaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation? a. 5' end only

d. Neither end

Study online at quizlet/_6e2x8v b. 3' end only c. Both ends d. Neither end e. The RNA is circular and has no ends.

  1. Splicing reactions for exons involve the following mechanisms, except: a. Small nuclear RNAs b. Ribozymes c. Lariat mechanisms d. Participation of special G residues e. All of these are involved in splicing reactions

e. All of these are involved in splicing reactions

  1. Ribozymes, the catalytic activity of RNA, were first discovered as part of the snRNA group. a. True b. False

a. True

  1. Which category of ribozymes requires an external guanosine frothier action? a. Group I b. Group II c. Both Group I & Group II d. Neither Group I nor Group II

a. Group I

  1. Ribozymes a. are more efficient catalysts than protein-based en- zymes. b. are involved in protein synthesis. c. always use the same mechanism of catalysis. d. probably evolved later than protein-based en- zymes.

b. are involved in protein synthesis.

  1. Which of the following is true about micro RNAs? a. They are a type of non-coding RNA b. They are a type of small interfering RNA c. They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms d. All of these are true

a. They are a type of non-coding RNA

  1. Non-coding RNAs are known to: a. bind to mRNA targeting them for destruction b.

d. all of these

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Quizlet 2 - Blank

Course: Basic Biology (BIOL 111)

158 Documents
Students shared 158 documents in this course

University: Campbell University

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test 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6e2x8v
1. Which of following statements describes a differ-
ence between replication of DNA and transcription of
RNA?
a. Nucleoside triphosphates are the precursors for
replication, but nucleoside diphosphates are used for
transcription.
b. Both strands of DNA are copied in replication, but
usually only one is copied in transcription.
c. Base pairing is used to copy the sequence in repli-
cation, but not in transcription.
d. The chain grows from the 5' to the 3' end in replica-
tion, but 3' to 5' in transcription.
e. None of these
b. Both strands of
DNA are copied
in replication, but
usually only one
is copied in tran-
scription.
2. Which of following statements concerning RNA tran-
scription is false?
a. The DNA strands become separated during synthe-
sis.
b. Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of
DNA
c. The template strand is read in the 3' ’ 5' direction.
d. All 4 ribonucleotides are required.
e. A primer is required for RNA synthesis
b. Synthesis of
RNA is as accu-
rate as synthesis
of DNA
3. Which of following statements concerning RNA tran-
scription is false?
a. The release of pyrophosphate from a nucleoside
triphosphate drives the reaction. b. RNA is synthe-
sized from the 5' end to the 3' end.
c. DNA to RNA base pairing includes A to U and G to
C.
d. Transcription requires the use of a primer.
e. None of these
d. Transcription re-
quires the use of a
primer.
4. The enzyme principally responsible for RNA synthe-
sis in Escherichia coli
a. is a multisubunit enzyme
b. consists of a single polypeptide chain
c. requires Mn2+ for activity d. requires a DNA primer
a. is a multisubunit
enzyme
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