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CHE110 Final Review Answers

REVIEW MATERIALS FOR CHEM 11O
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Carrington College

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CHE 110 Exercises: Final Review ANSWERS

Chapter 1-

  1. The melting of ice is a ___________ change. a. Chemical b. Physical

  2. Frying an egg is a ___________ change. a. Chemical b. Physical

  3. Define the following terms using the textbook definitions only:

a. Pure substances

A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout. Ex: Water (H 2 O), Oxygen (O 2 ).

b. Homogeneous matter

Matter that has a fixed composition throughout (salt water mixtures)

c. Heterogeneous matter

A mixture that is not uniform in composition (oil and water)

d. Compounds

A substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions joined by chemical bonds into a molecule.

  1. Express the following masses in both kilograms and milligrams (1 g = 1000 mg; 1000 g = 1 kg)

a. 900g

Kilograms: 900g x 1kg/1000g = 0 kg Milligrams: 900g x 1000mg/1g = 900000 mg

b. 7 x 10-4 g

Kilograms: 0 x 1kg/1000g = 0 or 7 x 10-7 kg Milligrams: 0 x 1000mg/1g = 0 or 7 x 10-1 mg 5. (1) How many significant figures are there in the following numbers? (2) Express each number in scientific notation.

a. 1. SF: 3 SN: 1 x 10 0

b. 0. SF: 2 SN: 6 x 10-

c. 1000 SF: 1 SN: 1 x 10 3

  1. Hydrated ions are ions surrounded by water molecules

  2. Define the following terms:

a. Strong electrolytes

Dissociate completely in solution

b. Weak electrolytes

Does not completely dissociate in solution

c. Non-electrolytes

Do not dissociate at all in solution

  1. Arrhenius acids dissociate when dissolved in water to produce _______ ions. A. H 3 O+ ions B. H 2 O+ ions C. H+ D. a and c

  2. Arrhenius bases dissociate when dissolved in water to produce _______ ions. A. Hydrogen B. Hydroxide C. OH- D. B and C

Chapter 7
  1. Colligative properties depend only on the concentration of solute particles in the solution.

Alkene Alkyne Benzene

Alcohol Ether Aldehyde

Secondary amine Ketone Tertiary amine

Primary amine Phenol

  1. Match the following steroid hormones:

Cortisol c a. Steroid hormone found in the ovaries that aids in uterine and mammary gland development Estrogen a b. Steroid hormone found in the adrenal cortex that increases rate of sodium transport into body and rate of potassium secretion Testosterone d c. Steroid hormone found in the adrenal cortex that inhibits inflammation and immune response Aldosterone b d. Steroid hormone found in the testes that aids in sperm cell production and maintenance of functional reproductive organs.

  1. Draw the following structures:

Methanol Methanal

Ethanol Ethanal

Propanol Propanal Propanone

Butanol Butanal Butanone

Phenol Benzaldehyde Cyclohexanone

H H O H

H

H HH

HC CCC

a. b.

D / L D / L D / L D / L
  1. What are the structural differences among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides = Contain a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit

Disaccharides = Contain two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage

Polysaccharides = Contain several (up to thousands) monosaccharide units

  1. Label each carbohydrate as either a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide. A. Table sugar (name: sucrose, disaccharide) B. Lactose (disaccharide) C. Sucrose (disaccharide) D. Starch (polysaccharide)

  2. Fill in the blanks:

Anomers are stereoisomers that differ in the 3-D arrangement of groups at the

anomeric carbon of an acetal, ketal, hemiacetal, or hemiketal group.

  1. Label the following D-ribose either α or β. Then, label and draw the Haworth structure for the anomer.

Anomer Anomer

β D-ribose α D-ribose
  1. What type of bond holds together two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Glycosidic linkage/bond

  1. Match the following monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Fructose c a. The major form of glucose storage in plants Starch a b. Table sugar Glucose d c. The sweetest monosaccharide Cellulose e d. Found in the blood Sucrose b e. Found in plant cell walls

Chapter 18 28. Which two essential fatty acids are widely distributed in plant and fish oils?

linoleic and linolenic acid

  1. Draw the structure of glycerol

Draw the structure of oleic acid

H

b.

  1. Write the structures for the products formed when the following triglyceride is saponified using NaOH.

HO

HO

HO

Na+ O-

Na+ O-

Na+ O-

  1. In the process of hydrogenation, double bonds can be reduced

to single bonds by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

  1. Fill in the blanks using the Chapter 18 PowerPoint slides.

  2. Label and complete each of the following triglyceride reactions:

a. Hydrolysis reactants used: H 2 O, H+

nonpola r

an ester can Do not cannot

Saponifiable Nonsaponifiable

Simple 2 more than 2

Waxes Phosphoglycerides Sphingolipids

Sphinogmyel in

Glycolipids

tri

The induced fit theory states that the conformation of the active site changes to accommodate an incoming substrate.

  1. In what type of reversible inhibition does the substrate compete with the inhibitor for the active site? Competitive reversible inhibition

  2. If there were more inhibitors present than substrates, who would win the competition for the active site? Inhibitors would win because they are present in a larger concentration.

  3. Compare and contrast RNA vs. DNA.

Chapter 22 and 23

  1. The four nutritional requirements:
    1. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)
    2. Macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)
    3. Water (45-75% of body mass)

Bases:

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Uracil

RNA nucleotide:

Sugar:

___D-

RIbose__

Phosphat

e

Bases:

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Thymine

DNA nucleotide:

Sugar:

_D-

Deoxyribo

se_

Phosphat

e

  1. Fiber (absorbs water and softens stool)

  2. Macronutrients v. Micronutrients

-Substances the body needs in -Substances the body needs in large amounts small amounts -Carbohydrates -Vitamins -Lipids -Minerals -Proteins

  1. Fill in the chart:

Type of Macronutrient

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Recommended percentage of daily values

58% 30% 12%

Functions Main dietary source of energy that provide useful materials for the synthesis of cell and tissue components

Concentrated sources of energy that play a role in satiety

Play a role in the production of new tissue, maintenance and repair of cells, and production of enzymes, and hormones.

  1. Fill in the blanks using the PowerPoint material:

Vitamins are organic compounds that cannot be produced by the body in amounts needed for good health.

Fill in the chart:

Type of Vitamin Water Soluble Fat Soluble

Polarity Polar Nonpolar

from pyruvate) muscle

  1. Fill in the chart using the PowerPoint material:

Chapter 24 and 25

  1. Fill in the blank(s) using the PowerPoint material:

Fat is a more efficient efficient storage form of energy compared to proteins and carbohydrates.

The higher the lipid concentration of a lipoprotein aggregate, the lower the density.

Triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue.

Stage I: Diges tionStage II: Produc tion of acetyl CoA

Stage III: The comm on metab olic pathw ay

  1. Fill in the chart using the PowerPoint material:

  2. What causes the formation of ketone bodies in the liver?

Ketones are formed when an imbalance between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism occurs and more acetyl CoA is produced by fatty acid oxidation than can be processed by the citric acid cycle.

The concentration of acetyl CoA as a result increases, and the excess is converted in the liver to ketone bodies.

Glycerol

Pyruvic Acid

Acetyl CoA

Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty acids

Β oxidation

Metabolic Alkalosis

Results from: A loss of H+ caused by prolonged vomiting of the acidic stomach contents, or ingestion of alkaline substances.

Excessive use of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) increases the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood

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CHE110 Final Review Answers

Course: Chemistry For Health Care Professionals (CHE110)

University: Carrington College

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CHE 110 Exercises: Final Review ANSWERS
Chapter 1-3
1. The melting of ice is a ___________ change.
a. Chemical
b. Physical
2. Frying an egg is a ___________ change.
a. Chemical
b. Physical
3. Define the following terms using the textbook definitions only:
a. Pure substances
A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout. Ex: Water (H2O), Oxygen
(O2).
b. Homogeneous matter
Matter that has a fixed composition throughout (salt water mixtures)
c. Heterogeneous matter
A mixture that is not uniform in composition (oil and water)
d. Compounds
A substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite
proportions joined by chemical bonds into a molecule.
4. Express the following masses in both kilograms and milligrams
(1 g = 1000 mg; 1000 g = 1 kg)
a. 900g
Kilograms: 900g x 1kg/1000g = 0.9 kg
Milligrams: 900g x 1000mg/1g = 900000 mg
b. 7.0 x 10-4 g
Kilograms: 0.0007g x 1kg/1000g = 0.0000007kg or 7 x 10-7 kg
Milligrams: 0.0007g x 1000mg/1g = 0.7mg or 7 x 10-1 mg
5. (1) How many significant figures are there in the following numbers?
(2) Express each number in scientific notation.

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