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2022 Fall - MAT 152 - Ch 1 - Viewed in 2022.
Statistical Methods I (MAT 152)
Central Piedmont Community College
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MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics A) Statistics the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. The information collected is referred to as data, a fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a decision. A key aspect of data is that they vary. The entire group of individuals being studied is called the population. A parameter is a numerical summary of a population. A sample is a subset of the population that is being studied. A statistic is a numerical summary based on a sample. There are two types of statistics: 1) Descriptive consist of organizing and summarizing data. It describes data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs. 2) Inferential uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them to the population, and measures the reliability of the result. Determine whether the value represents parameter or statistic for the following: Suppose the percentage of all Asgardians on Asgard who have jobs is Parameter (2) Suppose a sample of 250 Asgardians is obtained, and from this sample, we find that have a job Statistic (3) Following the election, of the governors of all 50 areas of Wakanda were female. Parameter (4) In a national survey of high school students, of the students who responded reported that Hydra had offered, sold, or given them an illegal drug on school property. Staristic B) Variables the characteristics of the individuals within the population. There are two types of variables: 1) Qualitative allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute 2) Quantitative provide numerical measures of individuals. Values can be and provide meaningful results 1 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics A) Statistics the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. The information collected is referred to as data, a fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a decision. A key aspect of data is that they vary. The entire group of individuals being studied is called the population. A parameter is a numerical summary of a population. A sample is a subset of the population that is being studied. A statistic is a numerical summary based on a sample. There are two types of statistics: 1) Descriptive consist of organizing and summarizing data. It describes data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs. 2) Inferential uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them to the population, and measures the reliability of the result. Determine whether the value represents parameter or statistic for the following: Suppose the percentage of all Asgardians on Asgard who have jobs is Parameter (2) Suppose a sample of 250 Asgardians is obtained, and from this sample, we find that have a job Statistic (3) Following the election, of the governors of all 50 areas of Wakanda were female. Parameter (4) In a national survey of high school students, of the students who responded reported that Hydra had offered, sold, or given them an illegal drug on school property. Staristic B) Variables the characteristics of the individuals within the population. There are two types of variables: 1) Qualitative allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute 2) Quantitative provide numerical measures of individuals. Values can be and provide meaningful results 1 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative variables for the following: Researchers Tony Stark and Bruce Banner studied factors that affect the eating habits of adults in their (1) Nationality Qualitative (2) Number of children Quantitative (3) Household income in the previous year Quantitative (4) Level of education Qualitative (5) Daily intake of whole grains (measured in grams per day) Quantitative C) Types of Quantitative Variable there are two subcategory for the quantitative variable 1) Discrete has a number of possible values. The term countable mean the values result from counting such as 0,1,2,3 and so on. It cannot take on every possible value between two possible values. 2) Continuous has an infinite number of possible values it can take on and can be measured to any desired level of accuracy Distinguish between discrete and continuous variables for the following: Researchers Tony Stark and Bruce Banner studied factors that affect the eating habits of adults in their (1) Number of children Discree (2) Household income in the previous year Continuous (3) Daily intake of whole grains (measured in grams per day) Continuous 2 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative variables for the following: Researchers Tony Stark and Bruce Banner studied factors that affect the eating habits of adults in their (1) Nationality Qualitative (2) Number of children Quantitative (3) Household income in the previous year Quantitative (4) Level of education Qualitative (5) Daily intake of whole grains (measured in grams per day) Quantitative C) Types of Quantitative Variable there are two subcategory for the quantitative variable 1) Discrete has a number of possible values. The term countable mean the values result from counting such as 0,1,2,3 and so on. It cannot take on every possible value between two possible values. 2) Continuous has an infinite number of possible values it can take on and can be measured to any desired level of accuracy Distinguish between discrete and continuous variables for the following: Researchers Tony Stark and Bruce Banner studied factors that affect the eating habits of adults in their (1) Number of children Discree (2) Household income in the previous year Continuous (3) Daily intake of whole grains (measured in grams per day) Continuous 2 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Simple Random Sampling A) Random Sampling the process of using chance to select individuals from a population to be included in the sample. Notes: Convenience results in meaningless data. A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring. The sample is called a simple random sample. Suppose a study group consists of 5 Avengers: Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Iron Man, and Black Widow. Two of the Avengers must go to the board to demonstrate their drawing skill. List all possible samples of size 2 (without replacement) H and T, H and CA, H and IM, H and BW, and CA, and IM, T and BW CA and IM, CA and BW, IM and B) Steps for Obtaining a Simple Random Sample 1) Obtain a frame that lists all the individuals in the population of interest. Number the individuals 1 to N. 2) Use a random number table or graphing calculator to randomly generate n numbers where n is the desired sample size New Asgard have 435 residents. Explain how to conduct a simple random sample of 5 residents to attend lunch with King Valkryie. Then obtain the sample. step organize the list of names alphabetically and number everyone from I to 435 Step rand Int (1, 435, 5) Note: Useful functions in the TI calculator For Random Number Generator MATH, PROB, randInt( lower bound, upper bound, size) 4 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Simple Random Sampling A) Random Sampling the process of using chance to select individuals from a population to be included in the sample. Notes: Convenience results in meaningless data. A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring. The sample is called a simple random sample. Suppose a study group consists of 5 Avengers: Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Iron Man, and Black Widow. Two of the Avengers must go to the board to demonstrate their drawing skill. List all possible samples of size 2 (without replacement) H and T, H and CA, H and IM, H and BW, and CA, and IM, T and BW CA and IM, CA and BW, IM and B) Steps for Obtaining a Simple Random Sample 1) Obtain a frame that lists all the individuals in the population of interest. Number the individuals 1 to N. 2) Use a random number table or graphing calculator to randomly generate n numbers where n is the desired sample size New Asgard have 435 residents. Explain how to conduct a simple random sample of 5 residents to attend lunch with King Valkryie. Then obtain the sample. step organize the list of names alphabetically and number everyone from I to 435 Step rand Int (1, 435, 5) Note: Useful functions in the TI calculator For Random Number Generator MATH, PROB, randInt( lower bound, upper bound, size) 4 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Other Effective Sampling Methods A) Other Sampling Method besides simple random sampling, there are three other methods used to obtain a sample from a population 1) Systematic Sample obtained selecting every kth individual from the population. The first individual selected is a random number between 1 and k. Steps in sampling: a. Step 1 approximate the population size N, if possible b. Step 2 determine the sample size n C. Step 3 compute round down to the nearest integer. d. Step 4 randomly select a number between 1 and call this number p e. Step 5 the sample will consist of the following: 2) Stratified Sample obtained separating the population into groups called strata and then obtaining a simple random sample from each stratum. Individuals in each stratum should be 3) Cluster Sample obtained selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals. Note: There is one type of sampling that should be avoided, convenience the individuals in the sample are easily obtained. Results should be looked upon with extreme skepticism. Simple random sample Systematic sample Stratified sample Cluster sample Scribbr 5 MAT 152 Ch 1 Name: Sec 1 Other Effective Sampling Methods A) Other Sampling Method besides simple random sampling, there are three other methods used to obtain a sample from a population 1) Systematic Sample obtained selecting every kth individual from the population. The first individual selected is a random number between 1 and k. Steps in sampling: a. Step 1 approximate the population size N, if possible b. Step 2 determine the sample size n C. Step 3 compute round down to the nearest integer. d. Step 4 randomly select a number between 1 and call this number p e. Step 5 the sample will consist of the following: 2) Stratified Sample obtained separating the population into groups called strata and then obtaining a simple random sample from each stratum. Individuals in each stratum should be 3) Cluster Sample obtained selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals. Note: There is one type of sampling that should be avoided, convenience the individuals in the sample are easily obtained. Results should be looked upon with extreme skepticism. Simple random sample Systematic sample Stratified sample Cluster sample Scribbr 5
2022 Fall - MAT 152 - Ch 1 - Viewed in 2022.
Course: Statistical Methods I (MAT 152)
University: Central Piedmont Community College
