Skip to document
Welcome to StudocuSign in to access the best study resources
Guest user
0followers
HomeMy LibraryAsk AI
  • You don't have any recent items yet.
My Library
  • You don't have any courses yet.
  • You don't have any books yet.
  • You don't have any Studylists yet.

Metabolism - notes for anatomy and physio

notes for anatomy and physio
Course

Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL-424 )

12 Documents
Students shared 12 documents in this course
University

Chaffey College

Academic year: 2019/2020
Uploaded by:
Anonymous Student
This document has been uploaded by a student, just like you, who decided to remain anonymous.
Chaffey College

Comments

Please sign in or register to post comments.

Students also viewed

Related documents

Preview text

METABOLISM

Metabolism: is the sum of all energy-requiring & energy-releasing reactions that occur in the body The significance of metabolism is to acquire, store and release energy " The energy is derived from chemical bonds found in the nutrient molecules in the diet "

Factors that Aûect Metabolism:

  1. Age
  2. Genetics
  3. Weight
  4. Physical Activity
  5. Lean muscle mass

2 forms of metabolism: 1. Anabolism: " çBuilding up using small molecules to make large molecules çRequiring energy çEx: Glucose + glucose to make maltose 2. Catabolism: " çBreaking down of organic molecules into its simplest unit çReleasing energy çEx: Maltose broken down to glucose + glucose

Enzymes: A catalytic protein that starts and speeds up a chemical reaction " CHO-->glucose via salivary amylase " PRO--> amino acids via pepsin " LIPIDS--> fatty acids & glycerol "

Catabolic hormones G: glucagon-increases BG levels E: Epinephrine-increase glucose levels C: Cortisol-increase glucose

Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism Catabolic & anabolic hormones regulates metabolism " Catabolic hormones: stimulates the breakdown of molecules releasing energy " Catabolic hormones includes the following: " çCortisol: known as stress hormone

Elevates BG levels via gluconeogenesis by converting fats, aa's, into glucose # Is released when adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex # çGlucagon Elevates BG levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose # Glucagon is released from the alpha cells of the islet of langerhans of the pancreas #

Glucagon & insulin (a hormone that decrease BG levels) works in the negative-feedback system to

stabilize BG levels çEpinephrine: aka adrenaline

Elevates heart rate, constricts blood vessels, causes bronchodilation in the lungs to increase air volume

in the lungs

It is released in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) from the

medulla of the arena gland çCytokines

Carbohydrate Metabolism Most cells generate ATP by breaking down carbs-specifically glucose " C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP " 1 glucose molecule--> 36 ATP total " çSome ATP are made from ADP (substate-level phosphorylation) çMost ATP are made from using coenzymes NADH & FADH --> electron transport chain -->ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) Conists of two parts: " çGlycolysis (a part of anaerobic metabolism) + aerobic metabolism (Krebs citric acid cycle + ETC)

Anabolic Hormones Growth Hormone: " çStimulates the synthesis and growth of cells, tissues and organs inducing bones çIt is released from the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) Insulin-like growth factor: " çStimulates muscle and bones while inhibiting apoptosis (cell death) çIt is released by the liver Insulin: " çDecrease BG levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by the liver to converting the glucose into glycogen for storage çIt is released from the beta cells of the islet of langerhans of the pancreas çInsulin & glucagon (a hormone that increases BG levels) works in the negative-feedback system to stabilize the BG levels Testosterone: " çStimulate increase muscle mass & strengthening of bones çIt is produced and released from the make testes and smaller volume released in females (from ovaries) Estrogen: " çIncreases metabolism and fat deposition çPrimarily produced from the ovaries

Cushing's Syndrome & Addison's disease Cushington's " çLow levels of cortisol çRapid weight gain in the trunk & face çDepression çFatigue çMuscle weakness çDecreased appetite çLow Blood sugar Addisons: " çLow levels of cortisol & aldosterone

Was this document helpful?

Metabolism - notes for anatomy and physio

Course: Anatomy and Physiology (BIOL-424 )

12 Documents
Students shared 12 documents in this course

University: Chaffey College

Was this document helpful?
METABOLISM !
!
Metabolism: is the sum of all energy-requiring & energy-releasing reactions that occur in the body!
The signiÞcance of metabolism is to acquire, store and release energy !"
The energy is derived from chemical bonds found in the nutrient molecules in the diet !"
!
Factors that Aûect Metabolism: !
Age !1.
Genetics !2.
Weight !3.
Physical Activity !4.
Lean muscle mass !5.
!
2 forms of metabolism: !
1. Anabolism: !"
Building up using small molecules to make large molecules !ç
Requiring energy !ç
Ex: Glucose + glucose to make maltose !ç
2. Catabolism: !"
Breaking down of organic molecules into its simplest unit !ç
Releasing energy !ç
Ex: Maltose broken down to glucose + glucose !ç
!
Enzymes: !
A catalytic protein that starts and speeds up a chemical reaction !"
CHO-->glucose via salivary amylase !"
PRO--> amino acids via pepsin !"
LIPIDS--> fatty acids & glycerol !"
!
Catabolic hormones !
G: glucagon-increases BG levels !
E: Epinephrine-increase glucose levels!
C: Cortisol-increase glucose !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism !
Catabolic & anabolic hormones regulates metabolism !"
Catabolic hormones: stimulates the breakdown of molecules releasing energy!"
Catabolic hormones includes the following: !"
Cortisol: known as stress hormone !ç

Students also viewed

Related documents