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Nonparenteral medications for check off
Developmental Psychology: Childhood and (PSYCH-20 )
Chaffey College
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Nonparenteral medications for administration check-off
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim, Lopurin) Func. class: antigout drug, antihyperuricemic Chem class: xanthine enzyme inhibitor Adult dosage: - Increased uric acid levels in malignancies: PO 600-800 mg/day in divided doses, for 2-3 days; start up to 1-2 days prior to chemotherapy. IV INF 200-400 mg/m²/day, max 600 mg/day 24-48 hr prior to chemotherapy, may be divided in 6-, 8-, 12- hr intervals - Gout: PO 100 mg/day, titrating upward; maintenance 100-200 mg BID-TID Intended use: to treat chronic gout, hyperuricemia associated with malignancies, recurrent calcium oxalate calculi, uric acid calculi Effects on body: decreasing serum uric acid levels, decreasing joint pain Contraindications: hypersensitivity (precautions: pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, renal/hepatic disease) Side effects: hypersensitivity, bone marrow depression, drowsiness, hypo-hypertension, HF (IV), nausea, vomiting, malaise, diarrhea, hepatitis, renal failure, rash Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, PO route, IV compatibilities, patient education pg. 26-
Aspirin (ASA, Acetylsalicylic Acid) ✶Over The Counter Func. class: nonopioid analgesic Chem class: salicylate Adult dosage: - Inflammatory conditions: PO 2 g/day in divided doses q4-6hr, maintenance 3.6-5 g/day; extended release 650 mcg q8hr or 800 mg q12hr - MI, stroke prophylaxis: PO 50-325 mg/day - Thromboembolic disorders: PO 325-650 mg/day or BID - Transient ischemic attacks: PO 50-325 mg/day (grade 1A) - Prevention of recurrent MI/antiplatelet: PO 80-325 mg/day Intended use: to treat mild to moderate pain or fever, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, thromboembolic disorders, transient ischemic attacks, rheumatic fever, post MI, prophylaxis of MI, ischemic stroke, angina, acute MI Effects on body: decreased pain, inflammation, fever; absence of MI, transient ischemic attacks, thrombosis Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, children <12 yo, children with flu like symptoms, hypersensitivity, tartrazine (FDC yellow dye #5), GI bleeding, bleeding disorders, vitamin K deficiency, peptic ulcer, acute bronchospasm, agranulocytosis, increased intracranial pressure, intracranial bleeding, nasal polyps, urticaria Side effects: tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding, heartburn, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, increases PT, PTT, bleeding time, rash, urticaria, bruising, anaphylaxis, laryngeal edema, angioedema Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, PO route, rectal route, patient education pg. 69-
Atenolol (Tenormin) Func. class: antihypertensive Chem class: -blocker
Adult dosage: - Hypertension: PO 25-50 mg daily, increasing q1-2wk to 100 mg daily; may increase to 200 mg daily for angina or up to 100 mg for hypertension - Angina: PO 50 mg q day, then 100 mg/day prn after 7 days, max 200 md/day - MI: PO 100 mg/day, in 1-2 divided doses, may need for 1-3 yr post MI Intended use: to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, suspected or known MI (IV use), MI prophylaxis Effects on body: decreased BP, heart rate, prevention of angina pectoris, MI Contraindications: pregnancy, hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, bradycardia, cardiac failure Side effects: Insomnia, fatigue, dizziness, mental changes, memory loss, hallucinations, depression, lethargy, drowsiness, strange dreams, Cabot onia, profound hypotension, bradycardia, hyper hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, impotence, decreased libido, urinary frequency, rash, bronchospasm, dyspnea, wheezing, pulmonary edema Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, PO route, patient education pg. 73-
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR) Func. class: antiinfectives, broad-spectrum Chem class: fluoroquinolone Adult dosage: - Uncomplicated UTI: PO 250 mg q12hr x 3 days or XL 500 mg q24hr x 3 days - Complicated/severe UTI: PO 500 mg q12hr or XL 1000 mg q24hr x 7-14 days; IV 400 mg q12hr - Respiratory, bone, skin, joint infections (mild-moderate): PO 500-750 mg q12hr x 7-14 days; IV 400 mg q12hr - Nosocomial pneumonia: IV 400 mg q8hr x 10-14 days - Intra Abdominal infections (complicated): PO 500 mg q12hr x 7-14 days; IV 400 mg q12hr x 7-14 days - Acute sinusitis (mild/moderate): PO 500 mg q12hr x 10 days; IV 400 mg q12hr x 10 days - Inhalational anthrax (postexposure): PO 500 mg q12hr x 60 days; IV 400 mg q12hr x 60 days - Infectious diarrhea: PO 500-750 mg q12hr x 5-7 days - Chronic bacterial prostatitis: PO 500 mg q12hr x 28 days; IV 400 mg q12hr x 28 days Intended use: to treat adult UTI, chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute sinusitis, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, plague, complicated intraabdominal infections, nosocomial pneumonia, exposure to inhalation anthrax Effects on body: bactericidal action (kills bacteria) against the following: gram-positive organism staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus; gram-negative organisms escherichia coli, klebsiella species, enterobacter, salmonella, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia, campylobacter jejuni, streptococcus pyogenes, bacillus anthracis Contraindications: hypersensitivity to quinolones Side effects: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, depression, restlessness, seizures, confusion, hallucinations, suicidal ideation, pseudotumor cerebri, nausea, increased alt, St, flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, vaginitis, hypo hypoglycemia, rash, pruritus, urticaria, photosensitivity, toxic epidermal necrolysis, injection site reaction, anaphylaxis, Steven Johnson syndrome, QT prolongation, tendon rupture, arthralgia Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, PO route, IV route, Y-site compatibilities, patient education pg. 201-
- Analgesia: PO 200-400 mg q4-6hr; max 3 g/day; OTC use max1200 mg/day - Moderate to severe pain (hospitalized patients): IV 400-800 mg q4-6hr as an adjunct to opiate agonist therapy - Dysmenorrhea: PO 400 mg q4-6hr; max 1200 mg/day - Anti inflammatory: PO 400-800 mg tid-qid; max 3 g/day Intended use: to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, dental pain, musculoskeletal disorders, fever, migraine, patent ductus, arteriosus Effects on body: decreased pain, inflammation, fever Contraindications: avoid pregnancy 3rd trimester, hypersensitivity, asthma severe renal/hepatic disease, perioperative pain in CABG Side effects: Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, Tremors, confusion, insomnia, anxiety, depression, tachycardia, peripheral edema, palpitations, dysrhythmias, CV thrombotic events, MI, stroke, tinnitus, hearing loss, blurred vision, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, hepatitis, constipation, flatulence, cramps, dry mouth, peptic ulcer, GI bleeding, necrotizing enterocolitis, GI perforation, nephrotoxicity, dysuria, hematuria, oliguria, azotemia, blood dyscrasias, increased bleeding, purupa, rash, pruritus, sweating, urticaria, necrotizing fasciitis, photosensitivity, photophobia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, implementation, patient education pg. 489-
Lisinopril (Zestril) Func. class: antihypertensive, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 1 inhibitor Chem class: enalaprilat lysine analog Adult dosage: - Hypertension: PO initially 10 mg, 10-40 mg/day; may increase to 80 mg/day if required - Heart failure: PO 5 mg/day, increase if needed to max 20 mg/day or 40 mg/day (Zestril) - MI: PO give 5 mg within 24 hr of onset of symptoms, then 5 mg after 24 hr; 10 mg after 48 hr, then 10 mg/day Intended use: to treat mild to moderate hypertension, adjunctive therapy of systolic HF, acute MI Effects on body: decreased BP in hypertension, decreased preload, afterload in HF Contraindications: hypersensitivity, angioedema Side effects: Vertigo, depression, stroke, insomnia, paresthesias, headache, fatigue, asthenia, dizziness, chest pain, hypotension, sinus tachycardia, blurred vision, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, flatulence, GI irritation, diarrhea, hepatic failure, hepatic necrosis, pancreatitis, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, sexual dysfunction, impotence, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, rash, pruritus, muscle cramps, hyperkalemia, dry cough, dyspnea, angioedema, anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, implementation, patient education pg. 583-
Potassium chloride Func. class: electrolyte, mineral replacement Chem class: potassium Adult dosage: - Hypokalemia (prevention): PO 20 mEq/day in 1-2 divided doses - Hypokalemia, digoxin toxicity: PO 40-100 mEq/day in 2-4 divided doses; IV max 10 mEq/hr, with 24 hour dose max 200 mEq
Intended use: to prevent and treat hypokalemia Effects on body: bring potassium level to 3-5 mg/dl Contraindications: renal disease (severe), severe hemolytic disease, addison’s disease, hyperkalemia, acute dehydration, extensive tissue breakdown Side effects: Confusion, bradycardia, cardiac depression, dysrhythmias, rest, peaking T waves, lowered R and depressed RST, prolonged PR interval, widened QRS complex, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pain, diarrhea, alteration of small bowel,oliguria, cold extremities, rash Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, PO route, IV route, continuous IV infusion route, Y-site compatibilities, patient education pg. 805-
Nitroglycerin transdermal (Minitran, Nitro-dur trinipatch) Func. class: coronary vasodilator, antianginal Chem class: nitrate Adult dosage: apply a patch daily to a site free from hair; remove patch at bedtime to provide 10-12 hr nitrate-free interval to avoid tolerance Intended use: to prevent episodes of angina Effects on body: prevention of anginal attack Contraindications: hypersensitivity, severe anemia, increased ICP, Cerebral hemorrhage, closed-angle glaucoma, cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis Side effects: Headache, flushing, dizziness, postural hypotension, tachycardia, collapse, syncope, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, pallor, sweating, rash Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, transdermal route, patient education pg. 716-
Albuterol inhaler Func. class: bronchodilator Chem class: adrenergic -agonist, sympathomimetic ₂ Adult dosage: - Bronchospasm, prophylaxis: INH (metered dose inhaler) 2 puffs (180 mcg) q4-6hr prn; powdered inhaler 180 mcg q4-6hr prn - Prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm: INH 2 inhalations before exercise, max 12 INH/24hr - Other respiratory conditions: INH 1 puff q4-6hr Intended use: to prevent exercise induced asthma, acute bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, reversible airway obstruction Effects on body: increased ability to breathe because of bronchodilation Contraindications: hypersensitivity Side effects: Tremors, anxiety, insomnia, headache, stimulation, restlessness, tachycardia, hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, chest pain, dry nose, irritation of nose & throat, nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchospasm Nursing considerations: assessment, patient problem, aerosol route, ProAir RespiClick, patient education pg. 20-
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Func. class: laxative, stimulant Chem class: diphenylmethane Adult dosage:
Nonparenteral medications for check off
Course: Developmental Psychology: Childhood and (PSYCH-20 )
University: Chaffey College
