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Human Geography 3
Human Geography (Gt-Ss2) (GEO 106)
Colorado Mountain College
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AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) has been the most lethal epidemic in years. 99% of new cases within the last decade have been in LDC’s, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, these countries have seen their CDR soar when it should be dropping. (Most of these countries are in Stage 2 of the d.)
Ch. 3 Migration
Key Issue 1: Why do people migrate?
Migration- a permanent move to a new location. Emigration- migration from a location. Immigration- migration to a location Net migration- difference between emigration and immigration. If emigration is higher, than it is net out-migration. If immigration is higher, than it is net in-migration. Mobility- general term concerning all types of movement from place to place. Circulation- the day-to-day movement/route of a person.
Most people migrate for economic purposes, others for cultural and/or environmental reasons, according to E. Ravenstein’s migration “laws.” Migration has been tremendously enhanced in the past century due to various types of transportation.
Push factor- a force that induces people to move out of their present location. Pull factor- a force that induces people to move into a new location. 3 types of push and pull factors are: -economic: more jobs, better pay, etc. -cultural: forced migration because of political unrest or slavery. Refugee- a people forced to migrate from their homes and not allowed to return for fear of persecution. - environmental: harsh conditions tend to push people, i. floodplain- area around a river prone to flooding. Appealing conditions tend to pull people, i. Florida.
Intervening obstacle- an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration, such as the Rocky Mountains, Atlantic Ocean, etc.
Ravenstein’s laws outline two points about migration distances: -Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain w/in the same country. -Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity.
International migration- permanent move from one country to another. Voluntary migration- migrant chooses to move for economic or environmental reasons. Forced migration- migrant is compelled to move due to cultural pressures.
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Internal migration- permanent move w/in the same country. Interregional migration- move from one region to another w/in country. Intraregional migration- move w/in one region w/in one country. Migration transition- identified by Wilbur Zelinsky, it consists of changes in a society comparable to the demographic transition. Stage 1 consists of little migration; Stage 2 involves international migration; Stages 3 and 4 are characterized by internal migration.
Ravenstein claimed that migrants have typical characteristics: -Most long-distance migrants are male. -Most long-distance migrants are adults rather than families with children. In recent years, these trends have softened somewhat and the numbers now show a more 50-50 split in the gender of migrants. The family status of migrants has remained largely the same though.
Key Issue 2: Where are migrants distributed?
GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS
Annual Net Migration
500,000 100,000 10,
N. America
S. America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
Human Geography 3
Course: Human Geography (Gt-Ss2) (GEO 106)
University: Colorado Mountain College
