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Human Geography Notes 13
Human Geography (Gt-Ss2) (GEO 106)
Colorado Mountain College
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Ghettoization: Started in Europe Legal restriction of people to certain areas Used to be legalized but not anymore Ghettos refer to areas where populations of mixed income are confined to a certain area even though they might have the means and desire to move Can be economic or social “ghettos”
Industrialization and Urbanization: The growing of industry and the growing of population and population density of a city One promotes the other The Industrial Revolution promoted Urbanization
Megalopolis: A Greek word meaning great city D. Geographer Jean Gottmann named the region in the northeastern US- large metropolitan areas so close together that they now form one continuous urban complex, extending from north of Boston to south of Washington- Megalopolis
Primate Cities: Having more than twice the population of the second largest city Center of culture for country Draws citizens because they feel they have to be apart of the city to be successful Most likely to become capital (ex. Paris, France) Not every country has a primate city Can have primate cities on large and small scales California’s primate city is Los Angeles America lacks a primate city
Rank Size Rule: 2 nd largest city is ½ of 1st 3 rd largest city is 1/3 of 1st 4 th largest city is ¼ of 1st
World Cities: Have a large population density because of technology high rise They are cities that have great influence on the whole world They become a world city because they are in the center of the global economic system Highest Tier of World Cities- London, Tokyo, and New York (world’s business capital) 2 nd Tier- Chicago, Washington and Los Angeles
Megacities: Over 10 million people Experience a sudden rise in population where the infrastructure can’t support the population for a time For the most part Megacities are in LDC’s because the people there are forced to go to urban areas to find work
Central Place Theory: Walter Christaller created the central place theory to explain the size and spacing of cities that specialize in selling goods and services The theory consisted of two basic concepts:
- Threshold- the minimum market
- Range- the maximum distance- the amount of distance a person is willing to drive to the threshold
Concentric Zone Model: A general model that cities are based upon that Burgess developed in 1925 The plan of a city (urban planner) may be based on the concentric zone model Relates the distance to the city to how wealthy a family is The wealthier you are the bigger land you have and the farther away from the city you are 6 Concentric Zones: Zone 1- CBD Zone 2- immediately adjacent to CBD (factories and manufacturing plants- where things are produced without much pollution- not nasty) Zone 3- contains poorest segments of the urban population, low income housing areas, low income people have factory jobs and do not use car for transportation Zone 4- working class Zone 5- middle class, not struggling, higher quality housing Zone 6- high class, expensive housing The zones expand- build out not up The concentric zone model has two main problems: outdated and only applies to America
Sector Model: Has arms that extend from the CBD instead of circles CBD still in center of city Lower income still near manufacturing areas Transportation and manufacturing most likely along an “arm”
Multiple Nuclei Model: Attributes: Differential Accessibility- people don’t just go to the same CBD all the time- they go to different places Land Use Compatibility- related businesses are close together, centripetal forces Land Use Incompatibly- conflicting businesses are sent apart from each other, centrifugal forces Location Suitability- suitable for certain activities
Transportation; 40 percent of all trips made into or out of a CBD occur during four hours of the day- two in the morning and two in the afternoon In larger cities, public transportation is better than motor vehicles- cheaper, less polluting, and more energy-efficient Americans prefer to commute by car
Infrastructure: What makes a city work or operate Example- electricity, sewers, road ways
Suburbanization: The growth of suburbs was constrained by transportation problems The invention of the railroad in the 19th century enabled people to live in suburbs and work in the central city Many so-called streetcar suburbs built in the 19th century still exist and retain unique visual identities
Hinterland: Same as range in the central place theory Area around the city that the city serves The farthest distance a city is willing to serve
Human Geography Notes 13
Course: Human Geography (Gt-Ss2) (GEO 106)
University: Colorado Mountain College
