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A&P Ch. 4 Tissue - Study Notes
Anatomy & Physiology (BIOL 2113)
Gwinnett Technical College
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A & P 1 Ch. 4 Tissue
Define the term tissue and histology. Histology: The study of tissue. Tissue: groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
Identify the four major types of tissue in the body and their basic functions. 4 types:
- Epithelial tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities; functions in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
- Connective tissue: Supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs; functions in storage, transport, and immune response.
- Nervous tissue: Nervous Tissue: Transmits impulses for communication; functions in receiving stimuli and transmitting electrical signals.
- Muscle tissue: Responsible for movement; functions in contraction and generating force.
Describe the structure, function, and location of epithelial tissues in the body. Function: Protection, Absorption and secretion, and Permeability. (Function: Epithelial tissues serve functions such as protection (skin), absorption (intestines), secretion (glands), and sensation (sensory receptors). Structure: consist of closely packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, often arranged in sheets. They have polarity (an apical surface and a basal surface) and are anchored to the underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane.: Found on body surfaces (skin), lining of cavities (lungs, digestive tract), and forming glands (sweat glands, salivary glands)
Describe the structure, function, and location of connective tissues in the body and contrast these to epithelial tissues. Structure: Connective tissues have a diverse composition, including cells, fibers (collagen, elastin), and a large amount of extracellular matrix. They are not as densely packed as epithelial tissues. Function: Connective tissues provide support, bind other tissues together, store energy (adipose tissue), and transport substances (blood). Location: Found throughout the body, including bone, cartilage, blood, and adipose tissue.
A & P 1 Ch. 4 Tissue
Contrast: Unlike epithelial tissues, connective tissues have a more varied structure, are less cellular, and primarily function in support and connection rather than covering and lining surfaces.
Compare and Contrast the three forms of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Skeletal Muscle: Structure: Striated, multinucleated, and voluntary control. Function: Responsible for voluntary movements and locomotion. Location: Attached to bones. Smooth Muscle: Structure: Non-striated, single nucleus, and involuntary control. Function: Controls involuntary movements such as peristalsis in the digestive tract. Location: Walls of hollow organs (intestines, blood vessels). Cardiac Muscle: Structure: Striated, single nucleus, and involuntary control with intercalated discs. Function: Pumps blood throughout the body. Location: Heart wall. Comparison: Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated, while smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated. Cardiac muscle is also involuntary and striated but has unique intercalated discs for synchronized contraction.
Describe the structure, function, and location of nervous tissue in the body. Structure - Nervous tissue is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells (neuroglia). Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals and consist of a cell body, dendrites (which receive signals), and an axon (which sends signals). Glial cells support and protect neurons and include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. Function - The primary function of nervous tissue is to facilitate communication within the body. Neurons transmit impulses that control bodily functions, reflexes, and sensory perception. Glial cells provide support, nourishment, and protection to neurons, and they also play a role in maintaining homeostasis and forming myelin. Location - Nervous tissue is primarily located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) encompasses all other neural elements.
A&P Ch. 4 Tissue - Study Notes
Course: Anatomy & Physiology (BIOL 2113)
University: Gwinnett Technical College
