- Information
- AI Chat
NSG221 Module 6 - Section notes
Mental Health Nursing (NSG221)
Herzing University
Recommended for you
Related Studylists
NSG221 Mental Health 2023Preview text
NSG221.06.01 Review of Types of Substance Abuse and Examine Substance Abuse in Healthcare Professionals
Substance abuse
Disorders and related disorders are a national health problem.
Withdrawal syndrome
The negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases.
Polysubstance abuse
Abuse of more than one substance
Intoxication
Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior
Detoxification
Is the process of safely withdrawing from a substance.
Physicians, dentists, and nurses have far higher rates of dependence on controlled substances, such as opioids, stimulants, and sedatives, than other professionals of comparable educational achievement, such as lawyers. One reason is thought to be the ease of obtaining controlled substances. Health care professionals also have higher rates of alcoholism than the general population.
NSG221.06.01 Examine Onset, Clinical Course, and Etiology of Substance Abuse
Blackout
an episode during which the person continues to function but has no conscious awareness of his or her behavior at the time or any later memory of the behavior.
Flushing
a reddening of the face and neck as a result of increased blood flow, has been linked to variants of genes for enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism.
Spontaneous remission
natural recovery
Tolerance break
that very small amounts of alcohol intoxicate the person.
Tolerance
needs more alcohol to produce the same effect.
The later course of alcoholism, when the person’s functioning is definitely affected, is often characterized by periods of abstinence or temporarily controlled drinking. Abstinence may occur after some legal, social, or interpersonal crisis, and the person may then set up rules about drinking, such as drinking only at certain times or drinking only beer.
NSG221.06.01 Identify Related Disorders of Substance Abuse
Gambling disorder is a non–substance-related diagnosis. It is characterized by problem gambling, spending money one cannot afford to lose, lying about gambling, getting money from others, and an inability to refrain from gambling for any specific time. Attempts to quit or cut down result in restless, anxious, and irritable behavior.
Substances can induce symptoms that are similar to other mental illness diagnoses, such as anxiety, psychosis, or mood disorders. They are called substance-induced anxiety, substance-induced psychosis, and so forth. The symptoms may subside once the substance is eliminated from the body, though this is not always the case.
NSG221.06.01 Examine Types of Substances Abused and Treatment Settings
physiological effects of long-term alcohol use:
Cardiac myopathy Cirrhosis Pancreatitis
opioids
popular drugs of abuse because they desensitize the user to both physiological and psychological pain and induce a sense of euphoria and well-being.
tapering
administering decreasing doses of a medication, is essential with barbiturates to prevent coma and death that occur if the drug is stopped abruptly.
hallucinogens
substances that distort the user’s perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis, including hallucinations (usually visual) and depersonalization
inhalants
a diverse group of drugs that include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects
stimulants
drugs that stimulate or excite the central nervous system and have limited clinical use
abstinence from heroin maintenance vomiting
Levomethadyl (Orlaam)
Maintains abstinence from opiates
60–90 mg three times a week for maintenance
Do not take drug on consecutive days; take-home doses are not permitted
Buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone)
Maintains abstinence from opiates and decreases opiate cravings
4/1 mg–24/6 mg daily for maintenance
May cause orthostatic hypotension, sedation; avoid CNS depressants
Naltrexone (ReVia, Trexan)
Blocks the effects of opiates; reduces alcohol cravings
350 mg/week, divided into three doses for opiate-blocking effect; 50 mg/day for up to 12 weeks for alcohol cravings
Client may not respond to narcotics used to treat cough, diarrhea, or pain; take with food or milk; may cause headache, restlessness, or irritability
Clonidine (Catapres)
Suppresses opiate withdrawal symptoms
0 mg every 6 hours PRN
Take blood pressure before each dose; withhold if client is hypotensive
Acamprosate (Campral)
Suppresses alcohol cravings 666 mg three times daily
Monitor for diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence, and pruritis
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Prevents or treats Wernicke– Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholism
100 mg/day Teach client about propernutrition
Folic acid (folate) Treats nutritionaldeficiencies 1–2 mg/day
Teach client about proper nutrition; urine may be dark yellow
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Treats nutritional deficiencies 25–250 μg/day
Teach client about proper nutrition
NSG221 Module 6 - Section notes
Course: Mental Health Nursing (NSG221)
University: Herzing University
