- Information
- AI Chat
Pharm Notes
Nursing Pharmacology
Keiser University
Recommended for you
Preview text
PHARM NOTES
09/22/
- Histamine role
- Hypersensitivity (I)
- H1 receptor blockers o 1 st generation o 2 nd generation
Inflammation Step 1: Transient vasoconstriction (all platelets aggregate into the area) Step 2: Vasodilation (blood vessels dilate, all chemical mediators (histamine) and cellular mediators (WBCs) go towards the site Step 3: Increased vascular permeability Step 4: WBC full attack
Histamine - Aids in the secretion of gastric acid, stimulates the parietal cells of the stomach to produce gastric acid - VERY important for digestion - Serves as a neurotransmitter that helps our brain stay awake and active - Part of the process of inflammation
The problem is that when you have a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that is IgE mediated where histamine is released
Do we need histamine? YES
Vasodilation may cause o Bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction o Sneezing o Hives o Swelling o Congestion o Decreased BP o Risk of anaphylaxis
H1 Receptor Blockers 1 st generation - A drug that is over the counter, Generic: Diphenhydramine, Brand: Benadryl - They cross the blood-brain barrier, which tells you that they make you sleepy - Hydroxyzine (must have a prescription for this), Brand: Vistaril - Chlorphenamine - Advise the patients to take these at night time 2 nd generation - Claritin (Loratadine), Zyrtec (Cetirizine), Allegra (Fexofenadine), Xysal (Levocetirizine), Clarinex (Desloratadine) - They DO NOT or minimally cross the blood-brain barrier, this is why you can take this in the morning because it does not make you sleepy
H2 Receptor Blockers
- Pepcid (Famotidine), Tagamet (Cimetidine), Zantac (Ranitidine)
- For Zantac, you need a prescription if it is over 300 mg
- For the rest, they are all over the counter
- Given to those who have gastric reflux, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease
- Main side effect is dry mouth, dry skin
- If you’re giving these to an elder, you have to teach them about fall precautions
Suppose to be taken with meals to prevent the GI from getting upset Avoid caffeine and alcohol
Corticosteroids - Drugs available are either synthetic or not but most of them are - Glucocorticoids o Cortisone o Betamethasone o Hydrocortisone o Methylprednisolone (Brand: Solumedrol) o Triamcinolone o Prednisone Available in creams, IVs
- Mineralocorticoids o Fludrocortisone
The problem is when you use these drugs over a long period of time, many things can happen because you are suppressing the immune system. These drugs ARE good for a short period of time but can be HARMFUL over a long period of time. Patients diagnosed with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, COPD, and Crohn’s may require steroids long-term to treat these conditions. Therefore, they may gain weight, if diabetic the diabetes will be out of control, and they get infections easily.
Possible adverse reactions - Osteoporosis - Insomnia - Joint pain - Moon face - Depression
Regulates sodium and volume by releasing aldosterone Glucose balance with cortisol Flight or fight response = epinephrine
10/06/ Insulin
-lin is from pigs Novolin Humalin
-log is synthetic insulin from humans (more expensive)
Size of gauges (the smaller the number the thicker the needle) 14 16 18 20 22 23 25 27
For IV, the sizes are 18 or 20. For IM injections, the gauge sizes could be 22, 23, or 25.
Pharm Notes
Course: Nursing Pharmacology
University: Keiser University
- More from:Nursing PharmacologyKeiser University651 Documents
