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Protein synthesis overview assignment for college
Teaching Of Science (SEC 395)
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What does the structure of DNA reveal about its P Phosphate EXTENSION: How does DNA code for proteins? function? DNA synthesis Base (replication) DMI DNA Nucleus Transcription mRNA DNA WHAT IS DNA? Deoxyribose sugar DNA (deoxyribonucleio acid) is a molecule common to all Figure 6 A nucleotide the building block of DNA life on Earth. It contains the code that determines the shape tRNA and structure of living things. The discovery of the structure Amino Nucleotide Base RNA synthesis Cytoplasm of DNA was one of the biggest breakthroughs in science. acids Nucleotides (transcription) Scientists could then understand how organisms reproduce G T A C G mRNA and pass on their characteristics to offspring. RNA Ribosome When James Watson and Francis Crick completed their Sugar Protein Translation model of DNA, they announced that they had S S S S S S the secret of Once the structure of DNA was known, Protein synthesis it was clear (immediately to Watson and Crick, and later to P (translation) Figure 6 Transcription and translation being carried other scientists) how it could divide and replicate, copying Phosphate out in the cell itself from one generation to the next and SO passing on the Protein information it contained. DNA codes for proteins in the following way: Figure 6 A chain of nucleotides make up a DNA in the nucleus unwinds and the But what is DNA? DNA is also a macromolecule (page 56), macromolecule. Two of these join together to make a double helix (DNA). The sugar and phosphates make bases are exposed. made up from repeating units of a smaller building block. Amino acids the backbone of the DNA, and the bases contain the A copy of the genetic code is taken the The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, made genetic code Figure 6 The of biology developed molecule that does this is called mRNA up themselves from three parts: a phosphate, a sugar Francis Crick: DNA codes for RNA, which in turn (messenger RNA) this is called transcription. (deoxyribose) and a base. codes for proteins. RNA is a messenger molecule backbone that copies the genetic code from DNA (this is called (Why do you think it is called this?) There are four different bases: adenine, cytosine, transcription). The RNA travels from the nucleus to mRNA travels out from the nucleus. thymine and guanine. Each base has a different shape. Adenine Thymine ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it is The mRNA genetic code is at a ribosome The bases make a the order of the Guanine Cytosine and read the ribosomes to make protein (this is the order of the bases determines the order bases in the DNA determines the genetic code, which called translation). The order of the bases on the RNA in which amino acids are assembled together to determines which protein is made determines the characteristics of the organism. make a protein. This process is called translation. A (Why do you think it is called this?) The phosphate and sugar from one nucleotide join with C G other nucleotides to form a long chain two of these chains join together to form a DNA molecule (a double helix), T A Nitrogenous held together the bases (see Figure 6). The sugar and base G C phosphates form the of the DNA, with the bases making the genetic code. Base pair Pairs of bases form the rungs What do you notice about the bases in Figure 6? How do of the ladder you think this helps in DNA replication? Figure 6 The DNA double helix 148 Biology for the IB MYP Concept 6 How do characteristics pass from one generation to another? 149 What does the structure of DNA reveal about its P Phosphate EXTENSION: How does DNA code for proteins? function? DNA synthesis Base (replication) DMI DNA Nucleus Transcription mRNA DNA WHAT IS DNA? Deoxyribose sugar DNA (deoxyribonucleio acid) is a molecule common to all Figure 6 A nucleotide the building block of DNA life on Earth. It contains the code that determines the shape tRNA and structure of living things. The discovery of the structure Amino Nucleotide Base RNA synthesis Cytoplasm of DNA was one of the biggest breakthroughs in science. acids Nucleotides (transcription) Scientists could then understand how organisms reproduce G T A C G mRNA and pass on their characteristics to offspring. RNA Ribosome When James Watson and Francis Crick completed their Sugar Protein Translation model of DNA, they announced that they had S S S S S S the secret of Once the structure of DNA was known, Protein synthesis it was clear (immediately to Watson and Crick, and later to P (translation) Figure 6 Transcription and translation being carried other scientists) how it could divide and replicate, copying Phosphate out in the cell itself from one generation to the next and SO passing on the Protein information it contained. DNA codes for proteins in the following way: Figure 6 A chain of nucleotides make up a DNA in the nucleus unwinds and the But what is DNA? DNA is also a macromolecule (page 56), macromolecule. Two of these join together to make a double helix (DNA). The sugar and phosphates make bases are exposed. made up from repeating units of a smaller building block. Amino acids the backbone of the DNA, and the bases contain the A copy of the genetic code is taken the The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, made genetic code Figure 6 The of biology developed molecule that does this is called mRNA up themselves from three parts: a phosphate, a sugar Francis Crick: DNA codes for RNA, which in turn (messenger RNA) this is called transcription. (deoxyribose) and a base. codes for proteins. RNA is a messenger molecule backbone that copies the genetic code from DNA (this is called (Why do you think it is called this?) There are four different bases: adenine, cytosine, transcription). The RNA travels from the nucleus to mRNA travels out from the nucleus. thymine and guanine. Each base has a different shape. Adenine Thymine ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it is The mRNA genetic code is at a ribosome The bases make a the order of the Guanine Cytosine and read the ribosomes to make protein (this is the order of the bases determines the order bases in the DNA determines the genetic code, which called translation). The order of the bases on the RNA in which amino acids are assembled together to determines which protein is made determines the characteristics of the organism. make a protein. This process is called translation. A (Why do you think it is called this?) The phosphate and sugar from one nucleotide join with C G other nucleotides to form a long chain two of these chains join together to form a DNA molecule (a double helix), T A Nitrogenous held together the bases (see Figure 6). The sugar and base G C phosphates form the of the DNA, with the bases making the genetic code. Base pair Pairs of bases form the rungs What do you notice about the bases in Figure 6? How do of the ladder you think this helps in DNA replication? Figure 6 The DNA double helix 148 Biology for the IB MYP Concept 6 How do characteristics pass from one generation to another? 149
Protein synthesis overview assignment for college
Course: Teaching Of Science (SEC 395)
University: Pennsylvania Western University, California
