Skip to document
Welcome to StudocuSign in to access the best study resources
Guest user
0followers
HomeMy LibraryAsk AI
  • You don't have any recent items yet.
My Library
  • You don't have any courses yet.
  • You don't have any books yet.
  • You don't have any Studylists yet.

Psych 1 - First chapter

First chapter
Course

Psychology (PSYC 101)

109 Documents
Students shared 109 documents in this course
Academic year: 2017/2018
Uploaded by:
SK
Shavit Kohen
Queensborough Community College
0followers
42Uploads
18upvotes

Comments

Please sign in or register to post comments.

Students also viewed

Related documents

Preview text

What is Psychology?

-Scientific study of behavior and mental processes, not just on peoples action but also on their biological activities, feelings, perceptions, memory, reasoning, and thoughts. -Study --> careful observation -Routine, structure and methodical

Beginning of Psychology:

Wilhelm Wundt: -Wanted to study the building blocks of his mind -Considered psychology to be the study of conscious experience Structuralism: -Focus of uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness and other mental activities. Introspection: -Focus on the structure of the mind in subjects -subjective -opinion-based

William James: -Rejected structuralism and the idea that the mind is made up of building blocks -Proposed Functionalism which is concentrated on what the mind does, function of mental activity, the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments. -Consciousness is continuous "Stream of consciousness"

John B. Watson: -Rejected introspection -Needs to study what you can observe (behaviors or behaviorism) -Behaviors are affected by Environmental encounters (stimuli) -Influenced by Pavlov's work -All behaviors could be reduced to stimulus-response -All behavior is learned -- you can make a child anything you want -- a child comes into the world as a -- tabula rasa -- or a blank slate

Freud: -Probing the mind of patients "Unconscious ideas or thoughts motivate us, forces that drive behavior" -Ideas that are out of our awareness -Used the method of free association to recall events -Dreams--> something from our unconscious needs to reveal itself. Ex. Falling --> powerlessness -Gave the patient a word or idea and asked for a response -He suggested that recalling evens and accepting them leads to anxiety reduction. -Behavior is motivated by past events

What type of behavior are studied?

-Variations within the same individual -- how does the individual behave as a result of context?

--reliable measures - the scores on a test or instrument should not be same over repeated testing --valid measures- the test should measures what is it supposed to measure. - Test should measure or capture the construct or the idea Explanation and understanding Prediction - understand something well enough --> routine Control and Modification

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Theory: - Broad explanations concerning phenomena (behaviors of interest) - Way to understand data - "story" Hypothesis: - A prediction stated in such a way that it can be tested - Key word: prediction - Comes from theory Scientific method: - Allows for the gathering of information about human and animal behavior in an objective way. - Objective --> not biased

Methods of Observation:

  • Case study - examine one individual through time

  • Strengths of a case study: -- gather as much information about a person

  • Weakness of a case study: -- difficult to generalize in a population

-- sampling (cross-section of population) (it should look like population)

  • Survey - report behavior --> orally or in a written fashion

  • Strengths of a survey: -- quickly -- gather a lot of information

  • Weakness of a survey: -- false information (people lie) -- questions may not be understood by people

  • Natural Observation - systematically observe events as they occur in the real world

  • Strengths: -- people don’t know they're being watched so they act natural

  • Negative: -- no control or manipulations -- ethical considerations not being addressed

  • Structured Observation - systematically observe events as they occur in the laboratory

  • Strengths: -- control and manipulations -- ethical considerations are addressed

  • Negatives: -- people know they're being watched, so they may change they're behavior

Research Design: Investigating the relationship between two variables

Correlation: relationship between two or more variables

  • Look a the relationship between two variables without manipulating anything?

Control group:

  • A comparison group against treatment group Random selection:
  • Randomly chose experimental and control groups.

Ethical standards: - Do no harm to participants - The potential risks that may come to participants cannot outweigh the benefits - Participants need to be fully informed of the research - Participants must give informed written and oral consent - Individuals under the age of 18 years old you must have the consent of an adult - Participants can choose to stop participation at any point Conducting Research: - Scientific method - Theory - Hypothesis - Data Ethical Concering Fundamental Controve

Fundamental Controversies in Psychology

  • Free will vs. determinism

    • the extent to which we control out behavior

  • Mind vs. body

    • The extend to which the body-brain controls behavior

  • Nature vs. nurture

    • Is behavior a product of biology or experience?

  • Consciousness vs. unconsciousness

    • Are people aware of our behavior and its motivations

  • General laws vs. individual differences

  • The extend to which general laws account for the behavior of individual ▪ Milestones - Achievements - Tightly tied to age

Was this document helpful?

Psych 1 - First chapter

Course: Psychology (PSYC 101)

109 Documents
Students shared 109 documents in this course

University: Queensborough Community College

Was this document helpful?
What is Psychology?
!
-Scientific study of behavior and mental processes, not just on
peoples action but also on their biological activities, feelings,
perceptions, memory, reasoning, and thoughts.
-Study --> careful observation
-Routine, structure and methodical
!
!
Beginning of Psychology:
!
Wilhelm Wundt:
-Wanted to study the building blocks of his mind
-Considered psychology to be the study of conscious experience
Structuralism:
-Focus of uncovering the fundamental mental components of
consciousness and other mental activities.
Introspection:
-Focus on the structure of the mind in subjects
-subjective
-opinion-based
!
William James:
-Rejected structuralism and the idea that the mind is made up of
building blocks
-Proposed Functionalism which is concentrated on what the
mind does, function of mental activity, the role of behavior in
allowing people to adapt to their environments.
-Consciousness is continuous "Stream of consciousness"

Students also viewed

Related documents