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Psych 4 - Chapter 4
Psychology (PSYC 101)
Queensborough Community College
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Learning
Learning: - A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience - Change - Experience - Not the result of result of genetics of biology Examples of learning - Riding a bike - Learning to swim - Verbal information ◦ Pledge of allegiance ◦ Prayers - Motor skills ◦ Using utensils, forks, and spoons ◦ Making the letters of the alphabet
Classical conditioning - A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. - Something in the world "object" - Learning by association Neutral stimulus - A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest. Unconditioned stimulus - A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned. Unconditioned response
- A response that is natural and needs no training ( ex. Salvation at the smell of food) Conditioned stimulus
- A once neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formerly caused only by the unconditioned stimulus Conditioned response
- A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus (ex. salivation at the ringing of a bell) Principles of classical conditioning
Extinction: - Decrease in frequency and eventual disappearance of a previously conditioned response. - CR drops out Spontaneous Recovery: - Extinguished conditioned response comes back - CR comes back Stimulus Generalization - Response to a stimulus that is similar to but different from a conditioned stimulus - CR to all bells Stimulus Discrimination - Ability differentiate between stimuli - CR to small bells but not large ones Operant learning - Organism operates on the environment produces a change leading to reward - Organism takes an active role - Reinforcement ◦ Process by which a stimulus increases likelihood a behavior will be reported ◦ Slot machine drops coins - Reinforcer
Group 3: child being punished
Psych 4 - Chapter 4
Course: Psychology (PSYC 101)
University: Queensborough Community College
