- Information
- AI Chat
Lecture Notes 8 - Culture and Health
Cross-Cultural Psychology (21:830:322)
Rutgers University
Recommended for you
Students also viewed
Related documents
- Chapter 5 Culture and Gender Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 3 Enculturation Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Research Methods Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 1 An Introduction to Culture and Psychology Notes and Vocabulary
- Ch 4 Culture and Developmental Processes Notes and Vocabulary
- Key Equity Terms and Concepts for better Cultural Competency
Preview text
Culture and Health Disease: a malfunctioning or maladaptation of biologic and psychophysiologic processes in the individual Illness: personal, interpersonal, and cultural reactions to disease or discomfort Biomedical model: a model of health that views disease as resulting from a specific, identifiable cause such as a pathogen (an infectious agent such as a virus or bacteria), a genetic or developmental abnormality (such as being born with a mutated gene), or physical insult (such as being exposed to a carcinogen a agent) Pathogen: an infectious agent such as a virus or bacteria Biopsychosocial model: a model of health that views disease as resulting from biological, psychological, and social factors Holistic: a view of health that focuses on the interconnections between the individual, his or her relationships, environment, and spiritual world Homeostasis: maintaining steady, stable functioning in our bodies when there are changes in the environment Life expectancy: average number of years a person is expected to live from birth Infant mortality: the number of infant deaths (one year of age or younger per live births) Subjective a perceptions and of his or her health and that includes feelings of happiness and life satisfaction Cultural neuroscience: an emerging research field that combines recent advances in neuroscience with principles of cultural psychology and population genetics to understand the dynamic relations among culture, behavior, mind, brain, and genes Health disparities: differences in health outcomes groups such as between males and females, African Americans and European Americans, and people of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) Acculturation: the process which people adopt a different cultural system Immigrant paradox: despite the many challenges of adapting and adjusting to a new country, immigrants tend to show better physical health compared to and, with further assimilation, further negative health outcomes Disease vs. illness Disease being more biomedical, and illness being more cultural or sociological or psychological Disease revolves around of biological and psychological processes within an something is wrong Illness is more culturally determined because it has to do with ways individuals react to their diseases, how up inside a society Entire society deeming disease as a The ways people react to the disease Western culture dominated biomedical model model Focuses more on treats addictions as a disease controversial Disease model may not work for makes it more amenable to the idea that we can just treat addiction like we treat cancer idea is that there is a specific identifiable cause like a pathogen or genetic code or developmental anomaly that creates some kind of physical damage inside of a person (brain or hormonal damage) Traditional, standard model model Engel, alternative to biomedical model Beyond the physical going on psychologically and what sociological factors Criticisms against places heavier focus on the biological symptoms, and not enough focus on to have real impact Still basically biological reductionism and just touches on the psychosocial effects on people are not integrating the three aspects and are instead looking through 3 different lenses Frankl: endogenic problems), psychogenic (psychological processes how people develop problems through upbringing), sociogenic (social stressors like problems in stressful, environment), noogenic (spiritual level of human being philosophical realm of meaning) Psychiatrist who also trained in psychoanalysis and philosophy For any given you can look at the problem through any one of four vantage points Noogenic illnesses person lacks meaning in their life which is making them (like empty nest syndrome, retirement, etc.) These models move from less holistic to more holistic Biomedical (least) Biopsychosocial (middle) model (most) CAM Complementary and alternative health medicine Some countries pull human organism apart to try to understand it, but try to see all aspects together as an energy pathway Always looking for connectivity (how the totality of the organism is related to itself, other people, natural how the organs are all connected) Connects very strongly to model Connectivity Relations between individuals, groups, environment, including some notion of spirituality (the we make out of something and how this affects the of our lives) Emphasis on notion of as the end what you are ultimately after in life (function in a harmonious way and be at peace with yourself) The golden mean (avoiding extremes in your thrived in Eastern forms of medicine of how satisfied they are in beyond just elimination of and talk about quality of life Personal on whether or not you have a good weigh in on more objective aspects life circumstances not necessarily making judgments on whether they will be with has to do with their of their situation Other POV may be that glass is half full need subjective perspective There is a dimension of happiness that has to do with interpretation Positively related to physical less susceptible to contracting diseases Faster recovery, fewer heart attacks, possibly longer life expectancy Related to economic more global issue of feeling respected Poorer economic situations more stressful, depressing When people feel angry more often because in high stress situations, associated with negative health outcomes Type people angry people who are more susceptible to cancer Cultural neuroscience area highlighting overlap bt cultural psychology and population genetics Genetic makeup of a particular population and how that interacts with the culture Social alienation vs. social support Most frequently discussed issue related to physical health does the person have social support or do they feel socially alienated? Diseases are often lessened when people have social support Why support groups are so popular in specific illnesses People with fewest social ties have harder time coping and have higher mortality rates When people perceive themselves having good, close supportive they tend to be more resilient and have more perseverance perception is more important than actuality (do they feel supported) Lonely people age faster than people who feel they have rich social support (not chronological age, but how old your body is) Use different indicators: oxygen consumption, cholesterol levels, body mass index Adler and colleagues in 1994 and again in 2008 Provided evidence that SES is consistently associated with health how much money you make, how educated you are, and what kind of work you do When you have more money, education, and a less demanding job, you get sick as often and you have longer life expectancy Lower SES often means poorer life choices, worse (more readily available and cheaper), more tempted to engage in (all age faster and weaken immune system), less likelihood that engaged in regular regimen of exercise Racism and perception of feeling injustice elevates anger, bitterness Culture found to be strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (number one killer of persons in U.) 1988 Triandis More individualistic the culture higher rates of cardiovascular disease (and vice versa) Social support acts as a buffer against stress Other dimensions can be used to discuss health and culture Matsumoto correlations between different aspects of dimensions Higher levels of uncertainty translates into higher levels of heart disease (higher stress) More global issue is of goodness of fit (Thomas and Chess study on temperament) Whether or not your particular set of fits in or does not fit in with the demands of your culture Certain people thrive in a more competitive society, some Certain people thrive in a more collectivist society, some Goodness of fit issues of body from a culture that values one body type and you have the opposite International body project Examined 26 countries from 10 different world regions 7,500 people surveyed rating figures (what they believe their body type, and what their ideal body type would be) Measure disparity between two to get indicator of how dissatisfied people are in any given culture North and South American women have highest level of dissatisfaction with their bodies Higher affluence, more likely people are dissatisfied with bodies More advertisement for specific kinds of bodies and more offering means to get those kinds of bodies (only people with the resources can achieve) U. has highest rates of obesity and yet is a wealthier country 1 in every 6 children and adolescents in U. between ages of 2 and 19 are considered obese and this is related to intake of fast food and sedentary lifestyles ⅓ of American children eat at least 1 meal from fast food a day Immigrant paradox Immigrants faced with more stressors, but they generally have better health Believed to be related to the issue of social support
Lecture Notes 8 - Culture and Health
Course: Cross-Cultural Psychology (21:830:322)
University: Rutgers University
Recommended for you
Students also viewed
Related documents
- Chapter 5 Culture and Gender Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 3 Enculturation Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Research Methods Notes and Vocabulary
- Chapter 1 An Introduction to Culture and Psychology Notes and Vocabulary
- Ch 4 Culture and Developmental Processes Notes and Vocabulary
- Key Equity Terms and Concepts for better Cultural Competency