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Ch 16 Fishes

Zoology 212 Lecture notes on Fishes CH16
Course

Zoology (BIOL 212)

28 Documents
Students shared 28 documents in this course
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Saginaw Valley State University

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neterocenal hypoceral

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Gnathostomata saw fish

1 Vertebrata Gnathostomata There are 2 clades of EXTANT gnathostomes. 1 Chondrichthyes [cartilaginous fishes] p. 345 Osteichthyes [bony fishes] agnathans [grade] 1 Fishes have unique sensory systems for an aquatic habitat. 2

  1. Swimming fishes have a fusiform shape. iesmai cdas.org
  2. Mechanoreceptor: Lateral line detects vibrations & low frequencies studyblue
  3. Olfaction: Rosette in nostril. Sharks can detect 1 drop blood in Olympic-sized pool.
  4. Vision: camera-type eyes. It is most important when close.
  • Tapetum lucidum
  • Colour vision
  • Nictitating membrane nefsc.noaa
  1. Electroreception: ampullae of Lorenzini Section 16, p. 352 2 lectric current

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everything differs A in water shape torpedo C · latterat ompressed displacemen wares, water =>x works i ⑧ only water eyer -around in S ↑ difraction of light Cup gets bent t bends at "Icecream Crepuscular I through water MainS get bent come I - reflects light Neuromasts night a morning -makes brighter than it is

Gills & kidneys play prominent roles in excretion/osmoregulation. 3 Boney fish in freshwater: hyperosmotic Boney fish in salt water: hypoosmotic Shark in salt water: isosmotic / hyperosmotic Section 16, p. 352 3 Chondrichthyans have calcified cartilaginous vertebrae and a cartilaginous cranium, derived from a bony skeleton! Heterocercal caudal fin Pectoral fin provides lift, but not greatly flexible 4 Large, oily liver for buoyancy Spiracle: water in/out during gill ventilation Placoid scales: hydrodynamic efficiency and armor. Internal structure is homologous with our teeth. p. 345: fins and parts labelled 4 water goes high salt to low pressure holds in fish · More Salt outside of fish L mouth to gill slits 6-7-- ~ ability to float placoid scales because of cartage C Not mobile

  • staysto the enc

Feeding traits include deciduous teeth, multiple tooth rows, with tooth shape corresponding to diet. Teeth outside the mouth Fish is 70-80% of shark diet. Spiral valve in small intestine Teeth stay sharp. 30,000 teeth lost. 5 Tooth plates for crushing molluscs. 5 mermaid’s purse – oviparous yolk sacs - ovoviviparous placenta- viviparous 6 Chondrichthyans practice internal fertilization followed by multiple reproductive strategies of the female. Clasper [red] on male Gestation ranges from 3 months to 3 years. Pups range from 3 to 300 in number. cloaca 6

teeth

T

S Leet

aw OutsideJaw - similarto nose ova: egg Oviparity - lay eggs

  • most eggs clie Viviparity => "live birth" I provides nourgument to embryo, placenta ovoriviparous: live birth yolk sacS - Yolk Sac cloaca ~

9 Skates and rays are dorsoventrally flattened [benthic] and have enlarged pectoral fins attached to the head. flmnh.ufl/fish/education/questions/raybasics.html pelagic 9 mermaid’s purse 10 Holocephalans [chimera] are an old lineage and divergent anatomically from sharks and rays. tentaculum 1 gill slit uniprot Helicoprion, Ray Troll Egg cases 10

Tmoclified tail

"Scale" covered by cartlagenous Plate ~ reproduction Male

Vertebrata Gnathostomata There are 2 clades of EXTANT gnathostomes. 11 Chondrichthyes [cartilaginous fishes] Osteichthyes [bony fishes] p. 348 agnathans [grade] 11 In contrast to sharks, bony fishes [osteichthyans – 96 % of vertebrates] have endochondral bone and ... 12 Schulz-Mirbach et al. 2012

  1. Operculum with 1 external gill slit
  2. Thin, flat scales S. Lindsay © Australian Museum
  3. Swimbladder [extension of gut] buoyancy
  4. Homocercal caudal fin FISHBIO 12
  • able to be adjusted muscle Cenoidt Cycloid Scales

13 2 lineages of bony fishes are identified by internal structure of their paired fins. Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Davis et al. 2007

  • 1 bone articulates with the body
  • Muscle extends into fins with the rays
  • > 1 bone articulates with the body
  • Muscle absent in fins 13 Actinopterygians represent ~99% of all fishes and have experienced multiple adaptive radiations. thiswoo.wordpress 41% of fish species live in freshwater rivers and lakes, which is < .001% of all water! 14 Evolutionary trend: increasing diversity 14 Rays

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-> controlled by tendors bones ~ More than 50% of vertebrates ~ 6oi Of fish

15 Sarcopterygians are lobe-finned fishes with an internal bony pattern of limbs and braincases resembling tetrapods. Muscle extends into the fin fish tetrapod Some have internal nares [choanae]! Skull bones and their spatial arrangements are homologous with tetrapods. 15 Coelacanths, named for their hollow spines, were “discovered” in 1938 in the Comoro Islands. Fat-filled swimbladder for buoyancy. Isomotic with marine water. vertebrates.si 16 2 living species, both restricted to deep-water localities. 3 lobed tail 16 ↓ 2 pattern z of bore Cavity ~ spines Marine waters extreme depths

  • near volcanic Islands

Freshwater lungfishes have eel-like bodies and lungs for aerial respiration. FW only. Aestivation: mucous-mud cocoon Neoceratodus, Australia 17 Omnivorous: grinding toothplate Animalia-life Protopterus, Africa primitivefishes 17 Vertebrata [Biol 475: Vertebrate Zoology] Gnathostomata Where we visited this week ... 18 1. Chondrichthyes [cartilaginous fishes: sharks, skates, rays, chimera] 2. Osteichthyes [bony fishes] agnathans [grade] 2a. Sarcopterygii [lobe-finned fishes] 2a. Actinopterygii [ray-finned fishes, Biol 473: Ichthyology] YOU If you get lost, we will mimic Fig 15, p. 325. 18

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Ch 16 Fishes

Course: Zoology (BIOL 212)

28 Documents
Students shared 28 documents in this course

University: Saginaw Valley State University

Was this document helpful?
&
aired
fil
mediar
->
Midsagnial
~
-
place
Poster:
C
Candal
AnGI
PelviC
Dorsal
&
neterocenal
hypoceral
*
Gnathostomata
saw
fish

Students also viewed

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