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Ch 20 Mammalia

Zoology 212 Lecture notes on mammalia CH20
Course

Zoology (BIOL 212)

28 Documents
Students shared 28 documents in this course
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Saginaw Valley State University

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Amniota [tetrapods with an amnion] Follow the other brick road ... 1 Synapsida Early tetrapod lineages [1 pr temp. fen.] Diapsida [2 pr temp. fen.] anthracosaurs temnospondyls Amphibia [extant & extinct lineages] Lissamphibia [extant only] 1 2 Mammals have a synapsid ancestry from pelycosaurs through the diverse therapsids and ... pelycosaur Carboniferous [300 mya] to Permian extinction [280 mya] therapsids

  • mammalian skeleton
  • largely homodont
  • enlargement of temporal fenestrae
  • intermediate middle ear ear ossicles Disappeared in the Late Triassic [200 mya] 2 &otaller only, one brightly colored communication

3 into the cynodonts, which survived the Permian extinction. The cynodonts yield the Clade Mammalia. Morganucodon Probainognathus synapsids mammals cynodonts pelycosaurs therapsids 3 What are mammalian traits?

  1. hairy, 2. homeothermic, 3. endothermic, 4 vibrissae quills Underfur: 1 type of hair 4 smaller in Size Crabbit size Clas ~ Insulation 1 -underfur
  • defensive I mechanorecepters
  • touch

Mammals have other 5. unique features associated with the integumentary system. 7 antler horn Pronghorn: branched horn Antler Horn Branching [yes / no] Composed of? Growth/shed pattern Who has it and by sex. 7 8 Mammals are 6. heterodonts, 7. diphyodonts, 8. thecodonts with 9. precise occlusion. occlusion different shape : different functions a. Incisors ----- b. Canines. ----- c. Premolars. ----- d. Molars. ----- Ruta. From Klembara et al. 2014 heterodont vs. homodont 10. Secondary palate 8 derived born inside from -> catin han Sheeth ↓ horn Rams A dif shape -a set In sockes ~ < upperd Lower together

9 Diet diversity is reflected in teeth, skulls, & digestive systems Fermentation in ruminates; mutualism with ciliophorans and/or bacteria. Longer intestines in herbivores, sometimes with coprophagy. 9 10 Mammals have a 11. muscular diaphragm, 12. neocortex, 13. vascular placenta in most, 14. turbinate bones, and 15. well-developed olfaction. Turbinate bones hold epithelial tissue, filter air using cilia and warm incoming air. Negative-pressure ventilation with a diaphragm and loss of lumbar ribs. 10 Shorter the track carnivores more plants

  • longer digestive tract
  • doesn't extract all nutrients Ruminents = division of stomach Capandex Cagnative ~ abilities sure O -preslation venO have f lung insure S 7 dominal
  • assist in O Cavity ↑of bore spiral fis of pressure rentia because small increases that on the way Smell out in f

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Lower - Centary - Squamosal (15) LSKUK) Indicates drum ear Outer ear inner d sapes mallus ↓ ↓ stirrup hammer

  • Cochlea
  • llens-Incus- stapes ear - Ma pinna- drum enstation tube Canals ->balance semicircular

13 This transition is documented in the fossil record. phase 3: mammal: switch to only a dentary – squamosal jaw joint phase 1: Diapsid, early synapsid: quadrate – articular jaw joint Probainognathus phase 2: some cynodonts: 2 jaw joints 13 14 ~5500 extant species diversified rapidly from a shrew-like, endothermic, nocturnal ancestor as dinosaurs disappeared. Mammalia Prototheria Theria Metatheria Eutheria Earliest mammals in late Triassic had developed nearly all mammalian traits. 14 articulate quaduatearesittingmoved ↓ ear aroundmiddle as dentral gets bigger saw becomes not as strong = many pieces 2, bonein 4 bones middle ear 2 sets of Jaw Joints

17 Metatherians are marsupials. Embryos are nourished by a vascularized yolk sac-chorion placenta [choriovitelline]. Altricial young: jellybean size Remains for several months Reproductive investment is via prolonged lactation and offspring at multiple stages of development. Marsupium: pouch for joey Embryo hatches from a shell membrane after several days in the uterus. animals.sandiegozoo/animals/marsupial animals.sandiegozoo/animals/marsupial In pouch for up to a year 17 18 Metatherians diversified on islands, where they filled ecological niches analogous to those of placental mammals. Harry Burrell Thylacine [wolf]. Extinct in 1936. Easyscienceforkids Bandicoot [rabbit]. Sugar glider [flying squirrel]. wombat [groundhog]. true-wildlife.blogspot/2011/04/wombat.html Scitechdaily Australiananimallearningzone washingtonpost Marsupial mouse [mouse]. Joe McDonald. Visuals Unlimited thinglink Marsupial mole [mole]. Tasmanian devil [wolverine/bobcat]. Kangaroo [cavy] 18 live birth mother growth when posts ⑧ · All tine lactation Yolk Sac invested he prolonged period after year on Fort -naMr to No

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19 The only marsupial in MI is the opossum. Originating in SAm, they dispersed north after the rise of the Panamanian isthmus. ”playing opossum” : thanatosis the other white meat? evolutionforskeptics.files.wordpress/2016/12/marsupial-distribution.jpg?w= Marsupial spp distribution Great American Interchange: ~3 – 2 ma 19 20 Placental mammals [eutherians] invest in longer gestation times, a chorioallantoic placenta, and precocious young. Integrated and deeply embedded fetal membranes [villi] in the uterine wall. placentanetwork instagram .com /p/BUv7hrwD16I/?taken-by=kindred_birth Umbilical cord contains stem cells. Precocial caribou calf 20

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Ch 20 Mammalia

Course: Zoology (BIOL 212)

28 Documents
Students shared 28 documents in this course

University: Saginaw Valley State University

Was this document helpful?
1
Amniota
[tetrapods with an amnion]
Follow the other brick road …
1
Synapsida
[1 pr temp. fen.]
Early tetrapod lineages
Diapsida
[2 pr temp. fen.]
anthracosaurs
temnospondyls
Amphibia
[extant & extinct lineages]
Lissamphibia
[extant only]
1
2
Mammals have a synapsid ancestry from pelycosaurs
through the diverse therapsids and …
pelycosaur
Carboniferous [300 mya] to
Permian extinction [280 mya]
therapsids
-mammalian skeleton
-largely homodont
- enlargement of temporal fenestrae
-intermediate middle ear ear ossicles
Disappeared in the Late Triassic [200 mya]
2
&
otaller
only,
on
e
brightly
colored
communication

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