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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior & Brain
General Psychology (PSYC 10213)
Texas Christian University
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Darwinatvolution
Charles
Darwin
1809
1882
Natural selection's survival
of the fittest
mutation
an
Adaptation
Genetic
Drift
population
not
individuals
Mlndelhben
Gardenpeas
share traits from
each parent
combination
pairs of factors
later
understood as
oenes
psychologists are
####### primarily
concerned
about
the
intersection of genes
on
thoughts
feelings
behavior
environment
Neurons
test
at make
####### up
the nervous
system
the
brain
sensory
neurons
transmit signals
from
sensory
organs
to
the spinal
wyd
or brain
motor
neurons transmit
signals
from the
spinal
cord
or
brain
to muscles
organs
in
glands
so
that
they
perform
a
function
SOMA cell
body
Dendrites
receive
####### signals
fromother neurons
Axon carries
####### signal
to other neurons
TeffffralnBewuffonyslaxon
terminal
forms
synapse
w
myelin
sheath
insulating
layer
of
axon that speeds
signal
Node
of Ranvier break in segments
of
myelin
sheath
####### signal
jumps
from
node
to node
tNuhf
only
comprise
half of the Brain
Glial
cells
support
cells for neurons
they
hold neurons
####### together
####### transport
food
h
waste of
neutrons
Aids
in
transmission
Helps
form myelin
sheath
de
b r a
l
Helps
form myelin
Sheah
Guidenewborn neuronsto
correct
place
5 to types
Ffthffentstagnnat
seuron has
a 70mV
charge resting
potential
depolarizing
the
charge
in
making
it shift toward
positive
If depolarized
enough
the neuron fires
a
signal
by
abruptly becoming
positive
t
40mV
the
firing
of
a
signal
is
called action potential
the action
potential
shoots down the axon like
a wave
synaptictransmission
Action
potential cannot
cross a
synapse
but
stimulates
the
release
of neurotransmitters
Neurons have
a
short
refractory
period
before
####### they
can
fire
again
Neurotransmitters
electrochemical
each neurotransmitterfits into
a specific
receptor
site
processes
that
modulate neurotransmitters
Reuptake
Absorbed
back into terminal
buttons
Enzymes
chemicals
that breakdown
Nts
Neuro modulators
chemicals
that alter sensitivity
of receptor sites
to theNts
specificneurotran
smitters
Dopamine NT
involved
WI
Musclecontractions
memory
an
emotional
state
high
levels
of
dopamine
increase pleasure
parkinson's
disease
related
to
deficiency
schizophrenia
related to
excess
GAMMA
aminobutyric
####### Acidl
GABA
inhibitory
NT that
reduces
activity
of neurons
Anxiety
decreased
GABA
levels
Xanax
####### l
valium
increases
GABA
production
But
theseare
sedatives
How
does
that make
sense
serotonin
inhibitory
NT that
regulates
emotion feeling
Ild h leep
r s s
e
tea
salt
P
du I 10
Digestion
slows
ParasympathetionervoussysteI
signals
####### body
to
store
1
conserve
energy
in times
of
low
physical
activity
####### generally
opposite
of
sympathetic
Ns
Increases
####### body
processes
associated
w
conserving
energy'gestion
increases
More bill produced
Decreases
####### body
processes associated
w
####### activity
Heart rateslows
breathing
slows
aaaa
cerebroucorted
Neocortex
outermost
####### layer
Four lobes
occipitalvision
temporal
hearing
language
processing
Memory
frontal
intelligence
personality
####### voluntary
muscles
parietal
spatial
location
attention
motorcontrol
somatosensorymotorinassociationwrteI
somatosensory
cortex in
####### parietal
lobe
moiobfdyorfhesxactiifhfrotffafhor
T
Voluntary
movements
point
to point
mapping
Association cortex
75
hototselontstorexy
or
motor but
associations between
T
EndowinesysteI
set of
####### glands
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
ovaries
testes
that
regulate
the
body
by
secreting
hormones
eonemical
messages
into the bloodstream
f
relativelyslow
communication
system
interconnectedwlthe
nervous
system
TheBraininDifferentspecies
wnat
Brainstructures
are
similar
across
species
How is the Brain
suited
to
each
species
Tz
pnineasbage
Gage
Railroad Foreman
Behavioral
####### 1
Emotional
change
Accident
11848
Frontal
lobe Damage
H
M
Epileptic
seizures
surgery
1953
parts
of
hippocampus
removed
could not encode new
memories
BrocadaWernicke's Areas
BWlall
Discovereda Brain
area
devoted to
language
production
Wernicke 4874
Discovered a
Brain
area devoted to
language
meaning
Related problems
visual
Agnosia
prosopagnosia
split
Brain
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior & Brain
Course: General Psychology (PSYC 10213)
University: Texas Christian University
