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Anatomy and physiology semester 1 final review
Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)
The University of Arizona
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Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final Review Chapter 1: Be able to define the directional terms and the common anatomical planes of the body. As well as the various body cavities.
- The clavicle is superior to the sternum.
- The hip is superior to the ankle.
- The ears are lateral to the nose.
- The umbilicus is anterior to the lumbar vertebrae.
- The skin is superficial to the femur.
- The study of the function of the human body is known as physiology
- The heart is anterior to the vertebral column.
- The plane that divides the body into equal left and right sides: Sagittal Plane
- The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions: Coronal Plane
- The plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions: Transverse Plane
- The thoracic vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae.
- The abdominopelvic region that contains most of the stomach: Epigastric
- The urinary bladder would be found in which region? Hypogastric Region
- Review the body cavities and know what organs you’d find in them.
Chapter 4: Be able to classify and recognize the four major tissue types of the human body, including their physiology. 15. Organ: a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans 16. System: an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body 17. Histology: the study of tissues and cells under a microscope 18. List the levels of structural organization (simplest to most complex): Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 19. What type of tissue would you find a lot of fat in? Adipose Tissue 20. List the four major types of tissue. Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue 21. What specific type of tissue would store red marrow? Connective tissue 22 What are the major functions of cartilage? The ability to resist compressive forces, enhance bone resilience, and provide support on bony areas where there is a need for flexibility 23. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated? Cardiac muscle 24. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and nonstriated? Smooth muscle 25. What is a significant function of simple cuboidal epithelium? Where would you find it? Absorbing or secreting material into the
ducts or tubes found in the lines of the surface of small excretory ducts in various organs and glands in the body. 26. What is the function of nervous tissue? Coordinating and controlling many body activities 27. Give an example of voluntary muscle tissue. Biceps, triceps, lats, abdominals, glutes, quadriceps, and hamstrings
Chapter 5: Be able to discuss the anatomy, physiology, disorders, and repair strategies for the skin and its derivatives. 28. What might be a cause of acne? Sebum — an oily substance that lubricates your hair and skin — and dead skin cells plug hair follicles 29. What is dermatology? Study of the skin and skin disorders 30. What causes “goosebumps?” Tiny muscles (arrector pili muscles) flex in the skin, making hair follicles rise up a bit 31. What are the four phases of deep wound healing? (Briefly describe each) Inflammatory Phase: a blood clot forms in the wound to unite wound edges Migratory Phase: the cot becomes a scab and epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound Proliferative Phase: the growth of epithelial cells beneath the scar and deposition of collagen fibers Maturation Phase: the sloughing off of the scab while collagen fibers organize 32. What gland produces earwax? Ceruminous glands 34. What part of the epidermis must be destroyed in order to perform a skin graft? Papillary dermis 35. List three functions of the sudoriferous gland. Vasodilatation, skin blood flow in warm environments and temperature perception, peripheral vasoconstriction, and skin blood flow in cold environments. 36. What are the 4 (or 5) layers of skin? Where is the skin with the 5th layer
Chapter 6: Be able to discuss the anatomy and physiology and repair strategies of the skeletal system. 37. Periosteum: the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves, and the cells that help them grow and heal 38. From what type of cells do the osteoblasts and eventually the osteocytes arise? Osteogenic cells 39. What two parts of a long bone join at the metaphysis? The epiphysis joins the diaphysis 56. Osteology: the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures. 40. What is the correct order for bone fracture and repair (i. remodeling)? There are four stages in the repair of a broken bone: 1) the formation of a hematoma at the break, 2) the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, 3) the formation of a bony callus, and 4) the remodeling and addition of compact bone 41. What two fracture types are always considered open fractures? Compound and transverse 42. A fracture in this region of a long bone could affect normal bone growth. Growth plate 43. Osteoporosis: a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease, or when the quality or structure of bone changes 44. Compact bone tissue forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body 45. Spongy bone tissue usually located at the ends of the long bones (the epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it
Chapters 7, 8, and 9: Axial and appendicular skeletons and articulations.
Anatomy and physiology semester 1 final review
Course: Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)
University: The University of Arizona
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