- Information
- AI Chat
Cells Key Content Vocabulary
Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)
The University of Arizona
Recommended for you
Related Studylists
Human Anatomy/Physiology I - 10/16/2024Preview text
WK5 Unit 2 Cells Key Content Vocabulary: Definitions and
Pictures/Images
WK5 Wed 9. 1 and Thurs. 9 Due 9 and 9.
Please provide a DIGITAL COPY ONLY (NO PAPER) of these terms by using a Word document or Power Point to record and upload to Schoology.
Provide definitions and pictures for those items which call for images.
- Active transport: Give a definition for active transport.- Active transport is the movement of icons or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy List the major types and show a picture for each of them. a. Endocytosis : Describe and show pictures for Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis -Endocytosis- the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. Pinocytosis- the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis- the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
b. Exocytosis: Describe and show pictures of vesicles exporting substances outside a cell. Exocytosis- a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. Occurs when a cell produces substances for export, such as a protein, or when the cell is getting rid of a waste product or a toxin.
-
Passive transport: Briefly describe using your own words, how each process works and why it is used by cells to stay in the balanced state of homeostasis. Show a picture for each of them. a. Osmosis – molecules pass through a membrane from a low concentrated solution to a high concentrated one. Equalizes concentration on two sides of membrane. b. Diffusion- transports it is the spread. c. Facilitated diffusion- it’s the movement from a high concentrated area to a low concentrated with the assistance od a transport molecule.
Enzymes: Describe what enzymes are, their function(s) as it applies to the activation energy in cell reactions.
- Enzymes- a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. They help speed up metabolism
(See the information shown in the graphic on Activation Energy below) What is a substrate and an active site? Substrate-An underlying substance or layer. Active site-A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. What factors affect enzyme function? It can be affected by temperature, pH, and concentration.
Show a picture of the Enzyme Substrate Complex and describe how this complex works to keep proteins available for Protein Synthesis and homeostasis.
d. Calorie- the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 C e. Aerobic respiration- a chemical reaction that transfers energy to cells. f. Anaerobic respiration- uses electron acceptors other that molecular oxygen.
- Biomolecules and how they are made. a. Dehydration synthesis- the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released. b. Hydrolysis- a chemical reaction in which water breaks down another compound and changes its makeup c. Monomers- a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer d. Polymers and Polymerization- a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three dimensional networks. e. List the monomers of carbohydrates, protein, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) Include a picture of each type. Give examples of each biomolecule, a major function for each, and where in the body each type may be found. CARBOHDYDRATES- Monomer is monosaccharides (carbon chain of three or more carbon atoms containing hydroxyl found in bloodstream.
Protein- monomers of amino acids, linked together to form a polypeptide chain folds into 3D. Found in muscle bone skin hair and virtually every part.
Nucleic acids- monomers of nucleotides, a base a sugar and a phosphate residue. Found in genetic material.
DNA and RNA Describe each. What are the monomers, function, and location for each type? Three types of RNA: mRNA tRNA rRNA Describe what each do in cellular division. Describe and draw the DNA molecule as it replicates itself in REPLICATION Describe and draw the DNA molecule and the mRNA as the process of TRANSCRIPTION occurs. Describe and draw the mRNA, the rRNA, and the tRNA as it performs PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in the process of TRANSLATION. What are the two locations in a cell where the ribosomes are located to do protein synthesis?
Mutations : changes in DNA Describe the following mutations: Pictures needed for items a thru g a. Insertion- muscle attaches to the bone that moves during the action.
b. Deletion- a type of mutation involving the loss of genetic material.
h. Gene mutations- when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. i. Chromosome mutations- a process that results in rearranged chromosome parts, abnormal numbers of individual chromosomes, or abnormal numbers of chromosome sets.
Mutations can be harmful, silent, or beneficial.
Briefly describe how sickle cell disease came to be because of a beneficial mutation to protect against malaria which becomes a harmful mutation when it’s inherited.
In sickle cell disease, what amino acid is substituted for the needed protein if it is to be able to carry oxygen normally?
In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin β chain (a small portion of which is shown in Figure 2) has a single amino acid substitution, causing a change in protein structure and function. Specifically, the amino acid glutamic acid is substituted by valine in the β chain.
- pH and the electrolyte balance in the whole body: a. pH - a measure of how acidic/basic water is. b. Electrolyte - a compound which produces ions when dissolved in a solution such as water c. Cation - a positively charged ion. d. Anion - a negatively charged ion e. Alkalosis: at what pH in the blood is a state of alkalosis? above 7. f. Acidosis: at what pH in the blood is a state of acidosis? below 7. g. Download a picture of a colored pH scale and answer the following items referring to pH:
h. At what pH are solutions called acid/ acidic? 0-
i. At what pH are solutions considered alkaline/basic? 8- j. At what pH are solutions considered neutral? 7
- Atomic bonding: Define and provide pictures for the following bonds: a. Hydrogen bond - interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons
Where in a DNA molecule might you find a hydrogen bond?
between the two strands and form between a base, from one strand and a base from the second strand in complementary pairing
b. Covalent bond- the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms
c. Carbon bonds, single, double, and triple
The cell membrane is held together by hydrogen bonding as well as electrostatic forces of attraction.
Cells Key Content Vocabulary
Course: Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)
University: The University of Arizona
This is a preview
Access to all documents
Get Unlimited Downloads
Improve your grades
