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Reproductive System Notes

Reproductive System Notes
Course

Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)

179 Documents
Students shared 179 documents in this course
Academic year: 2021/2022
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The University of Arizona

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55

Chapter 25 Reproductive System

  • Basics

    • Gonads are the primary sex organs and produce gametes
      1. in typical female ovaries produce eggs
      2. in typical male testes produce sperm
      3. gonads also secrete sex hormones

  • Accessory reproductive organs

  • Biological sex (different from gender)

    • Genetic (chromosomal)
    • Internal and External Structures
    • Intersex and other differences from typical

  • Typical Male

    • Scrotum
      1. sac of skin with superficial fascia
      2. two compartments
      3. dartos muscle (wrinkles skin) and cremaster muscle (elevates testes) control temperature for sperm production

  • Testes

    1. outer serous membrane is tunica vaginalis
    2. inner fibrous layer is tunica albuginea a. divides each testis into a few hundred lobules
      1. contain seminiferous tubules which produce sperm
      2. sustentacular (Sertoli) cells support developing sperm
      3. interstitial (Leydig) cells produce testosterone

  • Spermatic cord contains nerves, blood vessels, ducts

  • Duct system

    1. epididymis a. sperm mature and are stored
    2. ductus (vas) deferens a. runs through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity b. transports sperm
    3. urethra a. transports sperm out of body b. three regions - prostatic, membranous, penile

  • Accessory glands

    1. seminal vesicles - produce most of the semen (about 70%)
    2. prostate - produces about 30% of semen
    3. bulbourethral glands - produce mucus (pre-ejaculate)
    4. semen contains alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive tract, and fructose to provide sperm with an energy source

  • Penis

    1. delivers sperm to female tract
    2. contains spongy CT and smooth muscle filled with vascular spaces a. corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa - fill with blood during erection

56

  • Typical Female

    • Ovaries
      1. supported by ligaments
      2. surrounded by tunica albuginea covered with cuboidal cells
      3. cortex has follicles with gametes
      4. medulla has blood vessels and nerves

  • Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes or oviducts)

    1. receive ovulated oocyte
    2. site of fertilization
    3. open end is infundibulum (ciliated fimbriae sweep oocyte into tube)
    4. walls have smooth muscle and thick folded mucosa (simple ciliated columnar, cilia move oocyte toward uterus)

  • Uterus

    1. receives, retains and nourishes fertilized egg
    2. cervix opens to vagina a. cervical glands in mucosa secrete mucus that covers os (opening)
    3. three layers a. perimetrium (visceral peritoneum) b. myometrium (smooth muscle - longitudinal, circular, oblique) c. endometrium (mucosa - simple columnar)
      1. fertilized egg implants here
      2. functional layer has cyclic changes
      3. basal layer forms a new functional layer each cycle
      4. uterine glands are invaginations from lumen down to myometrium

  • Vagina

    1. passageway for baby and menstrual flow
    2. receives semen
    3. three layers a. mucosa (stratified squamous) has rugae b. muscularis (circular and longitudinal layers) c. adventitia
    4. hymen a. extension of vaginal mucosa at external opening

  • External genitalia (vulva)

    1. mons pubis
    2. labia majora
    3. labia minora
    4. vestibule - contains vaginal and urethral openings
    5. clitoris - fills with blood during arousal

  • Breasts

    1. fat
    2. mammary glands
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Reproductive System Notes

Course: Human Anatomy And Physiology I (PSIO 201)

179 Documents
Students shared 179 documents in this course

University: The University of Arizona

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55
Chapter 25 Reproductive System
• Basics
- Gonads are the primary sex organs and produce gametes
1. in typical female ovaries produce eggs
2. in typical male testes produce sperm
3. gonads also secrete sex hormones
- Accessory reproductive organs
• Biological sex (different from gender)
- Genetic (chromosomal)
- Internal and External Structures
- Intersex and other differences from typical
• Typical Male
- Scrotum
1. sac of skin with superficial fascia
2. two compartments
3. dartos muscle (wrinkles skin) and cremaster muscle (elevates testes) control temperature for
sperm production
- Testes
1. outer serous membrane is tunica vaginalis
2. inner fibrous layer is tunica albuginea
a. divides each testis into a few hundred lobules
1) contain seminiferous tubules which produce sperm
2) sustentacular (Sertoli) cells support developing sperm
3) interstitial (Leydig) cells produce testosterone
- Spermatic cord contains nerves, blood vessels, ducts
- Duct system
1. epididymis
a. sperm mature and are stored
2. ductus (vas) deferens
a. runs through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity
b. transports sperm
3. urethra
a. transports sperm out of body
b. three regions - prostatic, membranous, penile
- Accessory glands
1. seminal vesicles - produce most of the semen (about 70%)
2. prostate - produces about 30% of semen
3. bulbourethral glands - produce mucus (pre-ejaculate)
4. semen contains alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive tract, and
fructose to provide sperm with an energy source
- Penis
1. delivers sperm to female tract
2. contains spongy CT and smooth muscle filled with vascular spaces
a. corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa - fill with blood during erection

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