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Sociology - Lecture 12

Course

Introduction to Sociology (SS 2700)

4 Documents
Students shared 4 documents in this course
Academic year: 2017/2018
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University of Michigan

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Marx vs. Durkehim and Successors Similarities: Both are structuralists o Society should be characterized more the influences from outside rather than agency How would you characterize view of society? Economic CLASS STRUCTURE Institutions: serve the bourgeoisie o Superstructure Individuals: either bourgeoisie or proletariat How would you characterize view of society? Social facts Collective Conscience all the cultural stuff put together in a given society Each institution has a function to help society Individuals: we all play that serve o Held together o Bound together my our mutual need (differences) o Used to be held together our mechanical solidarity (similarities) William James: your is made up of anything you can call your stuff is all part of your identity American Self in Social Context Cooley, Mead, and Their Successors Charles Horton Cooley you are not even a human being until you have been socialized (nurture) When you put people in solitary confinement lose your ability to socialize and get very sick Ideas in the Reading (Human Nature and the Social Order) 1. Our consciousness is social, our language is social even and are social a. When we think of self, we are automatically thinking about us in the context of others 2. Therefore, is not all of self. It is like a nucleus in the larger cell of self. The other part of self is social. a. There is some piece of us at our core that shaped our society 3. Sometimes we equate with our body. Even then there is a social dimension to a. We exist in space and the ideas we have about this come from the social world so even that unique piece of us can only be thought about in social context Looking Glass 1. Idea of perception a. When we encounter others, we have an imagining about how they perceive us b. I imagine that he looks at me and sees old his perception 2. Idea of judgment a. I imagine how he judges what he sees b. old 3. Self feeling a. I have some form of gut reaction to that b. My identity is to some extent shaped that encounter and it then shapes my behavior i. All of this is within yourself and the other person does nothing through the entire interaction ii. How did I internalize and take in what was say? Another Key Cooley Concept: where does looking glass self happen? Usually when we are kids. We are likely to have perceived this critical feedback in three main groups Family Playground (your peers) Neighborhood (community) Who else? social media o Slight hint of marx we treat everyone like we treat our primary society treats all of us like members of the same primary group o Secondary groups valued for what people can get out of it Organizations Employers (work) George Herbert Mead What is the Social Basis of Individual Action? Mind Self and Society (assembled from his lectures former students after his death) How are we shaped the world around us and how do we shape the world? Key Biographical Facts 1. Religious background (like many US sociologists of that day) 2. Influenced (and reacted to) both Cooley Dewey 3. Taught at UM, then Chicago 4. Writers block: published only articles Key Ideas From the Reading: 1. The social development of self (p. 195) 2. The self as Object (p. 195) 3. The and the (p. 197) 4. Even thinking is social (p. gestures that have a shared meaning for sender and receiver (or speaker and listener) A Critical Concept: Symbolic Interaction People act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them. These meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interaction. o Marriage: grandparents say one man one forever Now: can be more than two people, same sex, not all about babies Emphasis on the agency of individuals Emphasis on construction vs. essentialism BLUMER: Symbolic Interactionism Individuals are the media through which outside operate Social behaviors are not constructed, they are reactions Social action is lodged in society or some unit of society Societal determine individual action Sociology is the study of structures and their impact on actions (e. functionalism organicism) Individuals have a and are intentional Social behaviors are based on interpretation of the situation Social action is lodged in the individual provide a framework for action, and a fixed set of o the place where interaction happens and where you get to choose your has symbols and language Sociology is studying the process of interpretation which people determine their actions Derived from Ideas: The Concept of Social Construction Meanings that often seem natural or (part of the essence) are actually conceived and attributed to those items people Those meanings are socially Berger Luckman (1966) The Social Construction of Reality Also Derived from Ideas: Labeling Theory Developed in relationship to deviance, but could be applied in other ways Basic concept: If you consistently label me a criminal, I will behave like a criminal. Selffulfilling prophecy. Comes from notion that meaning is constructed and powerful. Major Contributors: Howard Becker and Erving Goffman Mead is more extroverted in how he analyzes things his direct actions Cooley is more introverted how I perceive things

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Sociology - Lecture 12

Course: Introduction to Sociology (SS 2700)

4 Documents
Students shared 4 documents in this course

University: University of Michigan

Was this document helpful?
Marx vs. Durkehim & Cooley/Mead and Successors
Similarities:
Both are structuralists
oSociety should be characterized more by the influences from outside rather than
agency
How would you characterize Marx’s view of society?
Economic – CLASS STRUCTURE
Institutions: serve the bourgeoisie
oSuperstructure
Individuals: either bourgeoisie or proletariat
How would you characterize Durkheim’s view of society?
Social facts
Collective Conscience – all the cultural stuff put together in a given society
Each institution has a function to help society
Individuals: we all play functions/roles that serve
oHeld together by “organic solidarity”
oBound together my our mutual need (differences)
oUsed to be held together by our mechanical solidarity (similarities)
William James: your identity/self is made up of anything you can call yours; your stuff is all
part of your identity
American Micro-Sociology: Self in Social Context
Cooley, Mead, and Their Successors
Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
you are not even a human being until you have been socialized (nurture)
When you put people in solitary confinement – lose your ability to socialize and get very
sick
Ideas in the Reading (Human Nature and the Social Order)
1. Our consciousness is social, our language is social – even “I” and “mine” are social
a. When we think of self, we are automatically thinking about us in the context of
others
2. Therefore, “I” is not all of self. It is like a nucleus in the larger cell of self. The other
part of self is social.
a. There is some piece of us at our core that isn’t shaped by our society
3. Sometimes we equate “I” with our body. Even then there is a social dimension to
“I.”
a. We exist in space and the ideas we have about this come from the social world so
even that unique piece of us can only be thought about in social context

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