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ENGL 1213 P1 Student Sample 4

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Course

Principles of English Composition II (ENGL 1213)

142 Documents
Students shared 142 documents in this course
Academic year: 2022/2023
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University of Oklahoma

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Student Sample # ENGL 1213 P Party in the UAE Great mind, scholar, and American pop artist Miley Cyrus postulates that “nobody is perfect”. While many of Miley’s fans believed that this was a song intended to be about self love and acceptance, but in actuality, it was a secret love song to former United States President George W. Bush. It's clear to most individuals within the U. and abroad that American foriegn policy involving the Middle East post 9-11 is far from perfect. Over the past two decades, the executive branch has continued to heighten its hawkish - or war favoring - approach to Middle Eastern conflicts. Even though the actual number of boots on the ground has fluctuated, Stanford University’s Hoover Institution of War and Peace explains that U. investment in the region has remained unchanging; the U. has been overbearing and motivated purely out of self-interest (Brands 2019). Author Hal Brands furthers that the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force against Terrorism is far past expired and no longer serves its intended purpose to pursue those involved in 9-11, but instead is used to justify every expanding military campaigns within the region. As the U. chooses to occupy countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and more, it is important to analyze the why underneath the West’s ever prevalent choice to stand its ground overseas. The groups and institutions that have the largest investment in U. involvement within the Middle East are the United States Government, U. companies, Middle Eastern Citizens, and other Eastern hegemonic states. The United States Government has a critical strategic interest in Middle Eastern

countries, mostly linked into national security. As previously mentioned, the modern militaristic intervention towards the East started because former U. President George W. Bush wanted to eliminate the terrorist organizations responsible for 9-11. The American Security Project signifies that unlike other areas the American Military is heavily present, bases centered within the Middle East are focused more on tracking down and fighting enemies such as Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and ISIL instead of just acting as deterrence for a future attack (ASP 2018). Unfortunately, the utilization of the AUMF against terrorism isn’t enacted for its intended use, as the United States the government continues to use it as justification for containing regional powers such as Iran. Charlie Savage of the New York times explains that the Trump administration has become increasingly reliant on the 2001 AUMF to initiate military operations against Iran, including the recent drone strike that killed Iranian general Qasem Soleimani (Savage 2019). Increasingly, Trump’s expanded use of a nearly 20 year old policy that was targeted at terrorist groups and has evolved into a method of containment towards countries that the executive branch deems a threat shows that the U. government is still fearful that another 9-11 scenario could occur in the future if the military pulls out of the region. Along with the United States government, U. companies have an equally vested interest in having a large foothold in the Middle East. Where these bodies differ, however, is their actual interests; while the government is focused on national security, American companies heavily care about the economic prowess of the region. The first major economic sector that gives a lot of attention to countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates is big oil. NPR

Research depicts scenes of anti-West, and more specifically, anti-American propaganda during parades celebrating the anniversary of the Iranian revolution (Maloney 2019). The U.’ presumed disregard for civilian lives in regional conflicts has allowed countries like Iran to switch from using radical religion to garner citizen support to a more nationalistic galvinization founded on American presence. When the government tells their people that the U. is the enemy, and then bombs with a big “USA” blow up their houses, then they are lead to believe that the Western state truly is the ultimate threat to their way of life. The final, and most obvious, stakeholders in U.-Middle Eastern intervention are countries vying for hegemonic status in the area. The most commonly used method in the battle for control over the Middle East through proxy wars. The actors can be split into insideplayers, specifically Iran, and outside players, such as Russia and China. First, focusing on Iran. A Foriegn Policy article explains that Iran has been trying to expand its regional power not through its own military, but instead by becoming a state sponsor of terrorist groups such as the Taliban, Al-Qadea, and local radical rebellions such as the Houthi rebels in the Yemeni civil war (Toossi 2019). In a sense, Iran is greatly reliant on the destabilization that the U. is creating in Middle Eastern countries. In situations where the U. pulls out or relocates its troops after a military expedition is complete, Iran steps into the mess that was left and supports a group in need of resources. This not only allows these groups to act as a kind of unitary government that provides sought after structure, but it also in turn gives Iran the indirect control over the area as they control the proxy that controls the war-torn region. Afghanistan is a prime example of the

Iranian-proxy stradegy. The Council of Foreign Relations elucidates that immediately following the 2016 withdrawal of U. troops from Afghanistan, the Iranian-backed Taliban quickly filled the resulting power-vacuum (Council on Foriegn Relations 2020). The Taliban now controls key points along the Durand line - a critical tension filled border between Afghanistan and Pakistan - as well as 60% of opioid revenue, which is the largest chunk of Afghanistan’s GDP. As long as. the U. continues to serve its self interest followed by leaving the area without any focus on reconstruction, countries such as Iran will continue to exploit the regional instability to gain control over the surrounding area. While Iran plays off of fluctuating U. presence from the inside, countries like Russia and China exploit these actions from the outside. In the past couple of years, Russia has been picking off key U. allies to give the Eastern power an in to the region. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace explains that Turkey, one of the longest American allies in the Middle East has been supplied with more and more resources such as natural gas and military weapons from Russia, and in turn, have been pushing Russian interests (Rumer & Weiss 2019). This is clearly seen in the Syrian civil war, as the moment the U. announced it was pulling American troops out of the conflict, Turkish forces began attacking U. allies. China, seeing Russian progress in the midst of ever changing U. strategy, is looking to follow in Russian footsteps. The Economist analyzes that as the United States Senate has contemplated limiting arm sales to the Arab coalition involved in the Yemeni Civil war, Chinese investors have begun talks with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to fill in the possibly open weapons

Works Cited American Security Project. “U. Bases in the Middle East.” American Security Project, 1 Jan. 2020, americansecurityproject/national-security-strategy/u-s-bases-in-the-middle-east/. Brands, Hal. “Why America Can't Quit The Middle East.” Hoover Institute, 21 Mar. 2019, hoover/research/why-america-cant-quit-middle-east. Council on Foreign Relations. “War in Afghanistan | Global Conflict Tracker.” Council on Foreign Relations, 21 Feb. 2020, cfr/interactive/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/war-afghanistan. Crawford, Neta. “Costs of War”, Watson Institute, Nov. 2018, watson.brown/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2018/Human%20Costs%2C%20Nov %208%202018%20CoW David, Javier. “US-Saudi Arabia Seal Weapons Deal Worth Nearly $110 Billion Immediately, $350 Billion over 10 Years.” CNBC, 22 May 2017,

trump- cnbc/2017/05/20/us-saudi-arabia-seal-weapons-deal-worth-nearly-110-billion-as- Begins- Economist, “The Battle for the Middle Eastern Arms Market Is Heating Up.” The Economist, 13 Feb. 2020 economist/business/2020/02/13/the-battle-for-the-middle-eastern-arms-market-is-heati ng-up. Maloney, Suzanne. “1979: Iran and America.” Brookings, 24 Jan. 2019, brookings/opinions/1979-iran-and-america/. NPR. “How Much The U. Relies On Oil From The Middle East.” NPR, 9 Jan. 2020, npr/2020/01/09/795002059/how-much-the-u-s-relies-on-oil-from-the-middle-east. Rumer, Eugene, & Weiss, Andrew. “A Brief Guide to Russia's Return to the Middle East.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 24 Oct. 2019, carnegieendowment/2019/10/24/brief-guide-to-russia-s-return-to-middle-east-pub-8013.

Savage, Charlie. “Could Trump Use the Sept. 11 War Law to Attack Iran Without Going to Congress?” The New York Times, 19 June 2019, nytimes/2019/06/19/us/sept-11-war-law-iran.html. Toossi, Sina. “Iran Is Winning the Battle for the Middle East's Future.” Foreign Policy, 24 Oct. 2019, foreignpolicy/2019/10/24/iran-is-winning-the-battle-for-the-middle-easts-future/.

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ENGL 1213 P1 Student Sample 4

Course: Principles of English Composition II (ENGL 1213)

142 Documents
Students shared 142 documents in this course

University: University of Oklahoma

Was this document helpful?
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Student Sample #4
ENGL 1213 P1
Party in the UAE
Great mind, scholar, and American pop artist Miley Cyrus postulates that “nobody is
perfect”. While many of Miley’s fans believed that this was a song intended to be about self love
and acceptance, but in actuality, it was a secret love song to former United States President
George W. Bush. It's clear to most individuals within the U.S. and abroad that American foriegn
policy involving the Middle East post 9-11 is far from perfect. Over the past two decades, the
executive branch has continued to heighten its hawkish - or war favoring - approach to Middle
Eastern conflicts. Even though the actual number of boots on the ground has fluctuated, Stanford
University’s Hoover Institution of War and Peace explains that U.S. investment in the region has
remained unchanging; the U.S. has been overbearing and motivated purely out of self-interest
(Brands 2019). Author Hal Brands furthers that the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force
against Terrorism is far past expired and no longer serves its intended purpose to pursue those
involved in 9-11, but instead is used to justify every expanding military campaigns within the
region. As the U.S. chooses to occupy countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and
more, it is important to analyze the why underneath the West’s ever prevalent choice to stand its
ground overseas. The groups and institutions that have the largest investment in U.S.
involvement within the Middle East are the United States Government, U.S. companies, Middle
Eastern Citizens, and other Eastern hegemonic states.
The United States Government has a critical strategic interest in Middle Eastern

Students also viewed

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