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SCHC506 Chapter 7 - Lecture notes ch 7

SCHC 606
Course

School Counseling Theories And Personality Models (SCHC 506)

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Academic year: 2016/2017
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Person-Centered Therapy

 Introduction o CARL ROGERS (1902-1987)  Originated and developed humanistic movement in psychotherapy  Psychotherapy requires nonjudegmental listening and acceptance  Nominated for Nobel peace prize for world peace  Trained policymakers and world leaders in psychotherapy  Very REVOLUTIONARY o The client is the agent for self change  They are inherently trustworthy  They are capable of understanding themselves without a therapist intervention  Self-directed growth o Rogers wanted his theory to be used as principles  Open to change  Not a set Dogma

 Four Periods of Development of the Approach o Non directive counseling (1940s)  Permissive and non direct climate  Counselor DOES NOT always know best o Client-Centered Therapy (1950s)  Phenomenological world of the client  Best way to understand the client is through their own internal frame of reference o Becoming a Person (1950-1970s)  “becoming the self that one truly is”  openness to experience, trust in one’s experience, internal locus of evaluation, the willingness to be in the process  applied to education as student-centered teaching o Person Centered approach (1980-1990s)  How people obtain, possess, share, or surrender power and control over themselves and others  Used in education, industry, groups, conflict resolution, and WORLD PEACE o Existentialism and Humanism  “third force” in therapy: existential therapy, person-centered approach, and Gestalt therapy  Existentialists: we are faced with the anxiety of choosing to create an identity in a world that lacks intrinsic meaning.  Humanists: each of us has a natural potential that we can actualize and through which we can find meaning

 Key Concepts o View of Human Nature  Roger’s Growth Promoting Therapist Musts:  (1) Congruence (genuineness, or realness)  (2) Unconditional positive regard (acceptance and caring)  (3) Accurate empathic understanding (an ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person)  Actualizing tendency, a directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection  The Therapeutic Process o Therapeutic Goals  Therapy is NOT to solve a problem, it is to develop a human to better cope with life  Basic goal of person-centered therapy is encouraging these characteristics:  People increasing their actualized are: o (1) An openness to experience o (2) A trust in themselves o (3) An internal source of evaluation o (4) A willingness to continue growing o Therapist’s Function and Role  Attitude of therapists, rather than their knowledge, theories, or techniques, facilitate personality change in the client  The relationship is more person to person instead of counselor- client o Client’s Experience in Therapy  How client sees himself (self-concept) Versus how he would like to view himself (ideal self-concept) = congruence/incongruence  Incongruence is cause of anxiety and other mental disorders  Clients heal themselves, create their own self-growth, and are the primary agents of change  Tallman and Bohart assert: “Clients then are the ‘magicians’ with the special healing powers. Therapists set the stage and serve as assistants who provide the conditions under which this magic can operate” (p. 95). o Relationship Between Therapist and Client  Roger’s therapeutic core conditions  (1)Two persons are in psychological contact.  (2)The first, whom we shall term the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious.

o Application to Crisis Intervention o Application to Group Counseling  Counselor is a facilitator but NOT a leader  Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy o Principles of Expressive Arts Therapy  Expressive arts therapy- theory of creativity using the expressive arts to enhance personal growth for individuals and groups  Art therapy is Natalie Rogers daughter field of study, little from Carl Rogers [dad]  N. Roger’s Principles:  All people have an innate ability to be creative.  The creative process is transformative and healing.  Personal growth and higher states of consciousness are achieved through self-awareness, self-understanding, and insight.  Self-awareness, understanding, and insight are achieved by delving into our feelings of grief, anger, pain, fear, joy, and ecstasy.  Our feelings and emotions are an energy source that can be channeled into the expressive arts to be released and transformed.  The expressive arts lead us into the unconscious, thereby enabling us to express previously unknown facets of ourselves and bring to light new information and awareness.  One art form stimulates and nurtures the other, bringing us to an inner core or essence that is our life energy.  A connection exists between our life force—our inner core, or soul—and the essence of all beings.  As we journey inward to discover our essence or wholeness, we discover our relatedness to the outer world, and the inner and outer become one. o Creativity and Offering Stimulating Experiences  Conditions required for creativity:  Psychological safety (accepting the individual as of unconditional worth, providing a climate in which external evaluation is absent, and understanding empathically) [C. Rogers]  Psychological freedom [C. Rogers]  Offering stimulating and challenging experiences [N. Rogers] o What Holds Us Back?  Being judged  Kids are taught to draw in a setting where they are graded

 It is vital that art is not graded  Just because you cant dance doesn’t mean you shouldn’t o Contributions of Natalie Rogers  She took her dad’s person centered approach and applied it to the expressive arts  Person-Centered Therapy From a Multicultural Perspective o Strengths From a Diversity Perspective  Used in over 30 countries, 12 diff languages  Used to promote World Peace  Awesome multiculturally because the client uses self-assessment and guides himself, counselor is not their to judge, perfect for all cultures o Shortcomings From a Diversity Perspective  Therapy lacks structure / non directive  Some cultures do not support self disclosure  Some cultures put group values before self  Person-Centered Therapy Applied to the Case of Stan o Stan is incongruent with his life: He sees himself as a loser, but he wants to be successful o The counselor promotes him to his full potential o He realizes that he is not becoming his father o He realizes that he can build a successful relationship with women o He then puts these realizations into practice o Stan is now successful and feels successful: he achieves congruence  Summary and Evaluation o Contributions of the Person-Centered Approach

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SCHC506 Chapter 7 - Lecture notes ch 7

Course: School Counseling Theories And Personality Models (SCHC 506)

8 Documents
Students shared 8 documents in this course

University: University of Phoenix

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Person-Centered Therapy Ch. 7 SCHC506
Person-Centered Therapy
Introduction
oCARL ROGERS (1902-1987)
Originated and developed humanistic movement in psychotherapy
Psychotherapy requires nonjudegmental listening and acceptance
Nominated for Nobel peace prize for world peace
Trained policymakers and world leaders in psychotherapy
Very REVOLUTIONARY
oThe client is the agent for self change
They are inherently trustworthy
They are capable of understanding themselves without a therapist
intervention
Self-directed growth
oRogers wanted his theory to be used as principles
Open to change
Not a set Dogma
Four Periods of Development of the Approach
oNon directive counseling (1940s)
Permissive and non direct climate
Counselor DOES NOT always know best
oClient-Centered Therapy (1950s)
Phenomenological world of the client
Best way to understand the client is through their own internal
frame of reference
oBecoming a Person (1950-1970s)
“becoming the self that one truly is”
openness to experience, trust in one’s experience, internal locus
of evaluation, the willingness to be in the process
applied to education as student-centered teaching
oPerson Centered approach (1980-1990s)
How people obtain, possess, share, or surrender power and
control over themselves and others
Used in education, industry, groups, conflict resolution, and
WORLD PEACE
oExistentialism and Humanism
“third force” in therapy: existential therapy, person-centered
approach, and Gestalt therapy
Existentialists: we are faced with the anxiety of choosing to create
an identity in a world that lacks intrinsic meaning.
Humanists: each of us has a natural potential that we can actualize
and through which we can find meaning
1

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