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Psyc 231 Module E CT assignment
Course: Leadership and Human Relations (PSYC 231)
6 Documents
Students shared 6 documents in this course
University: West Virginia University
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Servant leadership was first proposed by Robert Greenleaf who based leadership on service to
followers, and effectiveness on whether followers were healthy, free, and autonomous and the
extent to which those with less privilege were being taken care of. At the heart of servant
leadership, and the factor that distinguishes it most clearly from other leadership theories, is
the focus on followers rather than the organization or the leader. Service to followers and their
development and effectiveness, rather than organizational effectiveness, is essential to servant
leaders. Empathy for others is an element of emotional intelligence considered key to
leadership. Authenticity, empowerment, and accountability are often considered to be
leadership factors.
Servant leadership have leaders that earn respect from their employees; employees feel
valued, and that management is looking out for their interests. There is a shared vision. There is
often greater trust among employees and leaders. Leaders consider the opinions of staff, which
is likely improve innovative efforts. Individuals develop skills and can advance professionally in a
supportive environment. However, a major disadvantage is few leaders have experienced this
type of management. Therefore, adopting this style of leadership may require difficult cultural
change.
Authentic leadership emphasizes the importance of leader’s self-awareness and being true to
his or her own values. Authentic leaders (AL) are people who know themselves well and remain
true to their values and beliefs. They have strong values and a sense of purpose that guide their
decisions and actions. The key to AL is understanding personal strengths and developing them.
The basis for all the definitions of the concept is awareness of one’s values and self-knowledge
and acting according to that information. However, various conceptions of authenticity include
other traits such as hopefulness, having enduring relationships, confidence, and behaving
ethically. Authenticity is considered highly complex and includes traits, emotions, behaviors,
and attributions. AL is focused on the leader and on his or her self-awareness. It also carries a
strong ethical and moral component that is similar to the servant leadership. Authentic leaders
rely on their values to behave ethically and develop the genuine relationships with followers.
Authentic leaders are more likely to create an environment where employees feel engaged and
motivated. By showing genuine care and concern for their team members, authentic leaders
can inspire a sense of loyalty and commitment that can be difficult to replicate in other
leadership styles. Authentic leadership has been linked to performance, group ethical conduct,
team virtuousness, employee satisfaction and organizational commitment, and empowerment,
engagement, and citizenship.
Positive leadership have roots in the concepts of self-actualization. At the core is the emphasis
on individual strengths and helping people achieve their highest potential and what some
researchers have called the psychological capital (PsyCap). PsychCap involves positive
psychological states, confidence, positive attributions, perseverance, and resilience. The various
characteristics of positive leaders all operate together to allow them to function in their optimal
range, something that is referred to as flourishing. Positive leadership involves a way of thinking
and a way of acting. Although both may have roots in personality, many of the actions of
