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Chap 5 Summary - Notes

Notes
Course

Natural Science (SCI 300)

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SAGE Publishing, 2019

Chapter 5: Understanding Socialization

Lecture Notes

Learning Objectives:

 5-1: What is socialization?  5-2: According to George Herbert Mead, how does an individual develop a social self?  5-3: What are the key agents of socialization?  5-4: What is gender socialization?  5-5: What are status, social roles, and identity?  5-6: How do sociologists describe and analyze social interaction?

Outline:

I. What is socialization? A. Through socialization, people learn how to follow the social norms and expectations of society. B. The process of socialization allows people to become functioning members of society. C. Social reproduction occurs when the norms and values of a society are passed on from generation to generation. D. Although values and norms can change over time, many of the structural components of society remain the same across generations. E. Socialization occurs throughout the life course, which refers to the various stages of one’s life from birth to death. F. Resocialization occurs when people learn to adopt to new social norms and values. G. Nature versus nurture. 1. Feral children are raised in isolation and do not have the opportunity to interact with others and become socialized. 2. Genie is an example of a girl who was raised in isolation, and when discovered, she acted like an infant in many ways. 3. Scientists want to understand how much we are shaped by nature (biology) and nurture (socialization). II. Understanding theories of socialization. A. The sociological understanding of socialization is shaped by the symbolic interactionist approach. B. Mead’s theory of childhood development 1. Mead was influenced by Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self. 2. Self-consciousness is an individual’s awareness of how others see her. 3. People learn self-consciousness through social interactions.

SAGE Publishing, 2019

  1. Mead was interested in how playing with others developed a child’s self-awareness.
  2. Social development begins by taking the role of the other—imitating those around them including other children and grown-ups.
  3. In games, children start to imagine and anticipate the actions of all the other players.
  4. Following the rules of a game is another important aspect of socialization.
  5. Mead talks about the “me” and the “I” in socialization.
  6. The “I” is the self’s impulses and attitudes that responds to others in a creative and active manner.
  7. The “me” has internalized the reactions and attitudes of others in society and often censors the “I.” III. Agents of socialization. A. Agents of socialization are the people, groups, institutions, and social contexts that contribute to our socialization. B. Primary socialization occurs from the time someone is born to when they start school. C. Family.
  8. The family is generally the first agent of socialization and thus the most influential.
  9. Social class has a strong influence on how families socialize their children.
  10. Middle class families enroll children in extracurricular activities that structure their free time.
  11. Lower income and lower class families emphasize the “accomplishment of natural growth” and do not offer as much structured free time.
  12. Families teach foundational skills, values, beliefs, social norms, and gender roles. D. School.
  13. Schools also act as a significant agent of socialization.
  14. Schools teach academic content, norms, and values.
  15. Children learn how to interact with authority figures and peers— others in their own age group.
  16. Social factors, such as popularity, social class, race and ethnicity, skin color, and gender can significantly impact the school experience. E. Peers.
  17. As children age, they spend more time with peers.
  18. Peer pressure becomes an issue as kids face pressure to conform to the norms accepted by their classmates.
  19. Peers can challenge the norms and values learned from families, teachers, administrators, and other authority figures. F. Media.

SAGE Publishing, 2019

B. Social interaction is the basis for our lives within society. C. People define the situation by using cues and clues from individuals and objects around them. D. Performance and impression management. 1. Goffman believed that social lives consist of a series of performances of social roles for differences audiences. 2. Because reality is constructed through social interactions, it is important to act in a way that makes others believe the performance. 3. Impression management is a way of presenting oneself in a manner one wishes to be seen by others. 4. The front of the performance involves the “expressive equipment” individuals use to define the situation and convince others of the sincerity of their performance. 5. The setting is the location of the performance and any props needed for the individual to perform the role. 6. Appearance is everything from how a person dresses, to their age, gender, race or ethnicity, body language, and gestures. 7. A person’s manner is the attitude conveyed while in the particular social role. E. Regions: Front stage and back stage. 1. Performances occur in different regions (areas). 2. The front stage is where a role of actively performed using impression management techniques. 3. The back stage is where a person is “out of character” and doesn’t have to perform. 4. It is important to keep the front and back stages separate. 5. The Internet and social media make it more difficult to keep front and back stages separate. F. Ethnomethodology. 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of ordinary (“ethno”) methods people use to make sense of their social interactions. 2. This was developed by Harold Garfinkel, who focused on language and the “small talk” that makes up a lot of social interactions. 3. Garkfinkel believed that language was more complex than it seemed, as words or phrases could be interpreted differently by people.

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Chap 5 Summary - Notes

Course: Natural Science (SCI 300)

6 Documents
Students shared 6 documents in this course

University: Wheaton College (Illinois)

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Korgen, Sociology in Action, 1e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 5: Understanding Socialization
Lecture Notes
Learning Objectives:
5-1: What is socialization?
5-2: According to George Herbert Mead, how does an individual develop a social
self?
5-3: What are the key agents of socialization?
5-4: What is gender socialization?
5-5: What are status, social roles, and identity?
5-6: How do sociologists describe and analyze social interaction?
Outline:
I. What is socialization?
A. Through socialization, people learn how to follow the social norms and
expectations of society.
B. The process of socialization allows people to become functioning members of
society.
C. Social reproduction occurs when the norms and values of a society are
passed on from generation to generation.
D. Although values and norms can change over time, many of the structural
components of society remain the same across generations.
E. Socialization occurs throughout the life course, which refers to the various
stages of one’s life from birth to death.
F. Resocialization occurs when people learn to adopt to new social norms and
values.
G. Nature versus nurture.
1. Feral children are raised in isolation and do not have the opportunity
to interact with others and become socialized.
2. Genie is an example of a girl who was raised in isolation, and when
discovered, she acted like an infant in many ways.
3. Scientists want to understand how much we are shaped by nature
(biology) and nurture (socialization).
II. Understanding theories of socialization.
A. The sociological understanding of socialization is shaped by the symbolic
interactionist approach.
B. Mead’s theory of childhood development
1. Mead was influenced by Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self.
2. Self-consciousness is an individual’s awareness of how others see her.
3. People learn self-consciousness through social interactions.

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