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Pharm med calc workbook Spring 2022
Pharmacokinetics and Medication Administration (NURS 205)
Widener University
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Commonly Used Abbreviations and Equivalencies
Routes of Medication Administration: Frequencies:
IM intramuscular bid twice a day
IV intravenous tid three times a day
IVPB intravenous piggyback qid four times a day
SL sublingual q 2 hr every two hours
ID intradermal q 4 hr every four hours
GT gastrostomy tube
NG nasogastric Other:
NJ nasojejunal NPO Nothing by mouth
PO by mouth NSS Normal Saline Solution
PR per rectum
Write out fully:
Right eye
Left eye
Right ear
Left ear
Both ears
Both eyes
Subcutaneously
Units
Daily
Abbreviations: Conversions:
G, gm Gram Weight:
Gtt Drop 1 kg = 1000 g or 2 lbs
Kg Kilogram 1 g = 1000 mg
L Liter 1 mg = 1000 mcg
Mcg Microgram Kg! lb = x 2 lb! kg / 2.
Meq Milliequivalent Volume:
Mg Milligram 1 liter = 1000 ml. 1 pint = 2 cups ¼ pint= ½ cup
Ml Milliliter 1 tsp = 5 ml 3tsp = 1 tblsp
Oz Ounce 1 tbsp = 15 ml 30 mL = 1 oz
Tsp teaspoon 1 cup = 240 ml or 8 oz 1 cup = 240 mL
Tbsp tablespoon 1 oz = 30 mL = 2 tbsp L = mL / 1000
Temperature Conversions:
Celsius C = F-32 Fahrenheit F = 1 + 32 1.
Rounding Rules: (Please be thorough with rounding rules)
For numbers less than 1 round two places after the decimal (ex. 0). If the number in the thousandth’s place (3 places after the decimal) is 5 or greater add one to the hundredths place (0 becomes 0). If the thousandths place number is less than 5, the number in the hundreds place does not change (0 becomes 0).
For numbers more than 1, round one place after the decimal place (1). If the hundreds place (2 places after the decimal) is 5 or greater add one to the tenths placed (1.
Change the following decimals to fractions: 1). 0 1/5 2). 0 1/
3). 0 1/20 4). 0 1/
5). 0 3/500 6). 0 1/
Estimation
Which makes sense (estimate):
- Each book is $4 and I’m buying 5 books. My total cost is about:
a. $22. b. $25.
- To make a cake you need 1 1/3 cups of flour. I’m making 9 cakes. I will need about:
a. 12 cups of flour b. 14 1/3 cups of flour
- A patient is to receive 475 mg of a medication. The medication is dispensed in a concentration of 250 mg/1ml. I will administer a volume of:
a. 1 ml b. 2 ml
- If there are 25 mg of a drug in 1 tsp and the patient is to receive 60 mg of the drug, then we will administer:
a. A little more than 1 tsp. b. More than 2 tsp. but less than 3 tsp.
- A drug is dispensed in a concentration of 0 mg in each 1 ml. A patient who is ordered to receive 0 mg of the drug will receive:
a. more than ½ a ml but less than 1 ml b. almost but not quite a ml
Practice Conversions
200 mcg = 0____ mg 2. 200 ml = ___ 40 _____ tsp
75 lbs = 34__ kg 4. 15 mg = 0 gm
2 tbs = ___ 30 _____ ml 6. 0 gm = __ 500 ______ mg
600 mg = 600,000__ mcg 8. 500 mcg = 0__ mg
6 g = 6,653 mg 10. 8 tsp = ___ 40 _____ ml
36 mg = 0____ g 12. 4 kg = 8__ lb
0 mg = _____ 250 ___ mcg 14. 4 oz = ____ 120 ____ ml
4 cups = __ 960 ______ ml 16. 11 oz = ___ 330 _____ ml
4200 ml = 4____ L 18. 72 kg = 158__ lb
3 tsp = ___ 15 _____ ml 20. 0 L = ____ 700 ____ ml
0 g = ___ 8 _____ mg 22. 350 mcg = 0__ mg
650 ml = 0__ L 24. 0 mg = ____ 150 ____ mcg
13 lb = 5__ kg 26. 45 ml = ___ 9 _____ tsp
Calculate the total intake for this patient:
4 oz juice ½ cup tea ¼ pt milk
1 ½ glasses water (6 oz glasses) 2 popsicles (3 oz each)
Total ml = ____ 735 ____
Critical Thinking Practice Worksheet
Directions: Solve for the answer requested. Think about and identify in each question: What information is given, what information you are asked to provide, and the characteristics of the desired solution. Think critically and determine how you arrived at your answer.
You are making a bead bracelet for your four year old niece. For every purple bead used you need 4 yellow beads. If you use 6 purple beads, how many yellow beads do you need? 24 purple beads
In the above question if you used 20 yellow beads, how many purple beads did you use?
5 yellow beads
- To make a cake you need 3 eggs. Assuming you have an unlimited supply of the other ingredients (flour, sugar, milk, etc.), how many cakes can you make with two dozen eggs? 36 eggs
m 810mL
- The Asst. Dean is assigning students to N 230 classes. She plans to place 10 students per class. How many classes would she need for 50 students?
4 classes
She finds out that she needs only 4 sections of the class. How many students (maximum) signed up?
200 students
The doctor orders Ceclor 1 capsule three times a day. If the course of treatment is for 10 days, how many capsules should the pharmacy give you? 30 capsules
An average adult weighs 150 lbs. The elevator in your apartment building can hold 1800 lbs. a) How many people on average can ride the elevator? 12
b) A six year old weighs about 50 lbs. How many 6 year olds can ride the elevator? 36
c) An infant weighs about 10 lbs. How many infants can you get into the elevator? 18
Promoting Number Sense Worksheet
Directions: Use a piece of scrap paper and cover the answers for each problem. Figure out (estimate) what the answer will be, what characteristics should be evident in the solutions. Then, select one of the two choices (only one is correct) and circle.
3 x 4 15.
9 + 0 + 12 22.
8 x 3 approx 45 approx 30
10 – 0 0.
n 5?
50
¥ 0
1 ×3=3×10--
1,5¥
= 12
1%-8=
0 18 ¥
= 180
The total daily dose is calculated from the dose and the number of times per day the dose is taken. For example, if the medication dose is 500 mg, frequency twice a day then the Total dose/24 hrs = 500x 2 = 1000 mg.
Strength is the amount of drug in a given dosage form, for example, 500 mg/ tablet.
Units - Some drugs strengths are expressed in terms of units of activity according to some biologic assay. Common drugs for which units are used include penicillin, insulin, heparin etc. For example:
penicillin 400,000 units = 250mg
nystatin 4400 units ≈ 1mg
insulin 100 units/ml of insulin suspension.
- Parts- Parts indicate amount proportions. Parts are most often used for medication compounding to indicate the relative amounts of each ingredient. You must use the same units for each ingredient (e., you can’t use grams for one ingredient and ounces for another). For an example, consider the following recipe for an antacid powder:
Notice that the parts are separated with a colon. You will assume that the order of each number corresponds to the order of the list of ingredients. Thus, there are 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and 3 parts of bismuth subcarbonate.
- Concentration- Liquid and topical preparation strengths are called concentrations and involve two numbers written in fraction form. Concentration tells you how much drug there is in a given dosage form amount. Liquids are expressed as weight/volume (w/v) with the weight being the amount of drug and the volume representing a specific volume of drug. For example - Benadryl elixir. If you look on the side of the bottle, you will read that it has a concentration of 12/5ml. This means that 5ml of the elixir will contain 12 of diphenhydramine (the active ingredient). Solid topical medication concentrations are usually expressed as weight/ weight (w/w), with the numerator representing the weight (mass) of drug present in the denominator, which is a total weight of drug plus vehicle. An
calcium carbonate magnesium oxide 5:1:4: sodium bicarbonate bismuth subcarbonate dissolve in 8 ounces of water and drink prn indigestion
example is nystatin cream, which is available in a concentration of 100,000 units/g. This means that there are 100,000 units of nystatin in each gram of cream that you squeeze out of the tube
Promoting Number Sense Volume Dose
- Ordered: 300 mg Dispensed: 400 mg/ml
Which makes sense? Administer 1 ml Administer 0 ml
- Ordered: 33 mg Dispensed: 10 mg/2 ml
Which makes sense? Administer less than 6 ml Administer more than 6 ml
- Ordered: 0 mg Dispensed: 1 mg/ 0 ml
Which makes sense? Administer less than 0 Administer more than 0 ml
- Ordered: 1 mg Dispensed: 0 mg/1 ml
Which makes sense? Administer 4 ml Administer 7 ml
D(ordered)
✗ V
H(
what's available)
1mL)
%ffmm9-gxlmt-0#3?m9-mgx2mL--
07-5%5=0.
%IÉ→mg×lml m
A patient is on a sodium restricted diet. He can only have 1500 mg of sodium a day. He wants to eat some potato chips. So far he had consumed 1320 mg of sodium. If each potato chip (volume) contains 60 mg of sodium (dose) how many chips can he eat?
A Cake requires ¾ cup of vegetable oil. If someone wants to make 5 (volume) cakes, how many cups (dose) of vegetable oil is required?
Common dose measurements are micrograms (mcg), milligram (mg), and grams
Common volume dose measurements are milliliters (ml), tablet, drop (gtt), cups
Volume or Dose Mg or ML
1). 200 Jelly beans are in a jar. A typical dose is 10 jelly beans TID. How many doses are in the jar?
2). 1 pie has eight slices. If an allowed dose of pie for someone on a diet is ½ a slice, how many doses are in one pie?
Tylenol (acetaminophen) comes in many different concentrations. Consider these below:
1500-1320--180=-60 =3 doses
5 × 7
= = 3 cups
2,
=20d
§÷1z= 1-6=
Soft Chew Tablets – 80 mg/ 1 tablet Tylenol Infant Drops Suspension – 80 mg/0 ml Tylenol Cherry Elixir – 80 mg/ ½ tsp
Tylenol Regular Strength – 325 mg/1 tablet Extra Strength Tylenol – 500 mg/1 tablet Tylenol Suppositories – 120 mg 325 mg 650mg
All of the following patients are to receive a dose of Tylenol. What volume would you give? Adult – ordered 650 mg po 3 month old infant - 60 mg po 5 year old – 240 mg 2 year old - 160 mg
A patient is ordered to take 40 mg of Phenobarbitol BID. The pharmacist supplies the mother with a bottle whose label reads – Phenobarbitol 20mg/5ml, give 2 tsp twice a day. There are 240 cc in the bottle.
- What is the ordered dose? 40
- What volume will provide the correct dose? 10
- After how many days will the mother need to get the medication refilled? 240/20 = 12
Medication Calculation Components
- Circle the doses and underline the volumes:
21 mg 15 grams 22 ml 1 L 40 ml 2 grams
30 ml 8 oz 2 tsp 25 gtt 256 mcg 1 cup
00
00
How many mg of Trimethoprim is the patient receiving? __________
How many mg of Sulfamethoxazole is the patient receiving? ____________
A patient is to receive 125 mg of a drug. The tablet is scored in 4th’s. Each tablet equals 500 mg. What volume will you administer to the patient?
Ordered for a patient is 35 mg of Thorazine IM stat. The drug comes in three different concentrations: 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml. If a patient is not to receive more than 2 ml in an IM injection which concentration will you select? _________
What volume will you administer ___________?
Ordered Phenergran 25 mg NG. The drug is dispensed as 6 mg/5 ml. What volume will you dispense? _________________
Ordered Ceclor 300mg po tid. The preparation comes in powder form and requires reconstitution into a liquid. The directions state: add 22 ml of water to the powder and shake. The resulting concentration is 200 mg/4 ml. If you were first to estimate the volume you would administer the number that makes sense is:
a. 3 ml b. 6 ml c. 8 ml
Calculating Approaches
60mg
300mg
####### 12%-0--0.
tablet
50mg /ml
0 3-5×1=7,3%111--3.
?Éx1=
0
20mL
??am#
✗ 5--20mL
Bx
a%oF;×Yml
To administer the correct volume of a medication the nurse determines the relationship of part of a quantity to the whole. The following questions are answered to determine the correct volume of medication to administer:
What is the patient’s ordered dose?
What concentration is the medication dispensed as?
What is the ratio of the ordered dose to the drug that is on hand?
The patient is ordered 20 mg of a drug. The nurse reads the label on the bottle and finds that there are 10 mg/tablet.
a. What is the ratio of ordered dose to dispensed dose?
b. Solve the above problem using two different methods. Show all of your work
Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5 are all using the same ordered dose of 75 mg and the drug is dispensed as 25 mg/1 tablet
- A nurse uses the following formula to determine the volume of a medication that she will administer to her patient.
25 mg: 1 tab: 75 mg: X tab Using the concept of ratio proportion, explain how the answer is determined.
- Another nurse uses a different formula:
75 mg 25 mg X 1 tablet =
- Another nurse uses this formula:
25 mg 75 mg = 1 tablet X
Which way makes the most sense to you?
20mg 10mg
21,79mg
✗ I = 2 tablet
3 tablet
3 makes most
sense
Pharm med calc workbook Spring 2022
Course: Pharmacokinetics and Medication Administration (NURS 205)
University: Widener University
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