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GMC310 Study Guide 2023
Geometrical and space geodesy (GMC 310)
University of Pretoria
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Study Guide
Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and
Meteorology
Geometric and Space Geodesy
GMC 310
2023
Table of Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 1 Welcome
- 1 Educational approach
- 1 Responsibilities of the student
- 1 Departmental Guide
- 2 Administrative information........................................................................................
- 2 Contact details
- 2 Timetable
- 2 Study material and purchases
- 2 Programme/Departmental/Module rules, requirements and guidelines
- 2 Code of conduct
- 2.5 Communication via email
- 2.5 Compliments and complaints
- 3 Module information
- 3 Purpose of the module
- 3 Module outcomes
- 3 Articulation with other modules in the programme
- 3 Module structure
- 3 Learning presumed to be in place
- 3 Credit map and notional hours
- 3 Units
- 4 Assessment
- 4 Assessment plan
- 4 Assessment criteria
- 4 Assessment policy
- 4 Plagiarism
- 5 Support services
- 5 E-learning support
- 5 Other support services:
Tue &Wed
8
4 & 5 Apr 2023 Tue &Wed
The choice of a suitable projection
Lecture Note TBD
9
18 & 19 Apr 2023 Tue &Wed
Time systems
Lecture Note TBD
10
25 & 26 Apr 2023 Tue &Wed
Coordinate systems
Lecture Note TBD
11 2 May 2023 Tue
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
Lecture Note TBD
12
09 & 10 May 2023 Tue &Wed
Reference Frames
Lecture Note TBD
13
16 & 17 May 2023 Tue & Wed
Introduction to Photogrammetry
Lecture Note TBD
14
23 May 2023 Tue
Introduction to Photogrammetry
Lecture Note TBD
1 Departmental Guide
This study guide should be read in conjunction with the Departmental Guide of the department, which is available on this module’s clickUP site.
2 Administrative information........................................................................................
Information and updates concerning the module will generally be made available using the announcement tool on the clickUP site. An individual request for information will be addressed through emails.
2 Contact details
Name
Building and room number
Telepho ne number
Email address
Consultin g hours
Module coordinator
Dr Adedayo Adeleke
Geog. 1-
071744
7436
Departmental administrator
Ms Sandra Wilkinson Geog. 1-
012529
8241 sandra@up.ac Lab instructor
Tutors
Tiaan Mitton Ryan Davidson Teaching assistants
Faculty Student Advisors
Dr Mpho Mmadi
Mathematics Building, Room 1-
X
08:00 –
16:
Ms Rebecca Fulbeck
Mathematics Building, Room 1-
X3096 rebecca@up.ac 07:00 – 12:
Subject librarian
Mr Sello Baloyi
Merensky Library L:
012420
5378 sello@up.ac Other
Your Faculty Student Advisor can advise you on goal-setting, adjustment to university life, time management, study methods, stress management and career exploration. Book an individual consultation or attend a workshop. For other support services see Section 5.
2 Timetable
Contact session Day Periods Time Venue Lecture 1 Tuesday 3 10:30-11:20 Geography 1- Lecture 2 Wednesday 1 8:30-9:20 Geography 1- Practical Friday 4 – 6 11:30-14:20 Geography 2- Online
2 Study material and purchases
The following textbooks are prescribed or recommended and will be used in this module.
Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Geodesy: Foundations of
Geomatics by Thomas H. Meyer. ESRI Press: 1 ISBN: 987-1-4020-9013-
(Prescribed)
Smith, P., 1981. Practical astronomy with your calculator. Cambridge University Press.
(Prescribed) Merensky Library: Available to read online
Wolf, P. and Dewitt, B., 2000. Elements of Photogrammetry: with applications in GIS (Vol. 3). New York: McGraw-Hill.
(Recommended)
Merensky Library: Available to read online
2 Programme/Departmental/Module rules, requirements and guidelines
General department-specific policies, rules, requirements and guidelines are available in the Departmental Guide, which will be made available on this module’s clickUP site.
2 Code of conduct
We are not only facilitating learning in a module, we are also preparing you for the world of work. We expect you to adhere to the code of conduct as spelt out in the Escalation policy of UP. Also, refer to the Departmental Guide.
2.5 Communication via email
When you send an email to your lecturer, you have to use a respectful tone and include all the following aspects: - A clear and explanatory subject line (e. “Submission of sick note – P Mduli”); - Your full name and surname at the end of the mail; - Your student number; - The module involved; and - Short and clear message.
2.5 Compliments and complaints
You are more than welcome to express your appreciation to your lecturer or tutor and supply feedback about aspects of the course that you enjoy and find valuable.
If you have a query or complaint, you have to submit it in writing with specifics of the issue or the nature of the complaint. It is imperative that you follow the procedure outlined below in order to resolve your issues: 1. Consult the lecturer concerned about your complaint/concerns. If the matter has not been resolved, 2. consult the class representative (The primary function of the Class Representative is to serve as a two-way communication channel between the class and the lecturer). If the matter has not been resolved, 3. consult the module co-ordinator (large modules with multiple lecturers) If the matter has not been resolved, 4. consult the Head of Department If the matter has still not been resolved, 5. consult with the Dean of the Faculty
3 Module information
3 Purpose of the module
This module is designed to equip the student with the knowledge of geometric and space geodesy by looking at topics such as spherical trigonometry, datum surfaces and coordinate systems in Geodesy, calculations on the ellipsoid, datum transformations. Map projections: projection principles, distortion determination, construction of conformal, equivalent and equidistant projections, the Transverse Mercator projection and UTM projection of ellipsoidal earth, projection transformations. Time systems, celestial and observer coordinate systems, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), satellite orbits and orbital parameters, 3D positioning.
3 Module outcomes
After completing this module, the student should be able to: - Handle different datums, coordinate systems and projections in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. - Define the reference frames for space-based measurement systems. - Use a programming language (e. Python) and spreadsheet to compute basic geodetic calculations. - Define the concept and practical usage of the GNSS.
3 Articulation with other modules in the programme
This module has two prerequisites i., GMC 110 and WTW 114/WTW 134. The knowledge of geometrical geodesy gained from GMC 110 is extended in this course by applying differentiation and partial differentiation skills gained from WTW 114/WTW 134 to solve practical problems in the geoinformatics environment.
3 Module structure
The module comprises about four syllabus themes, which in turn have units as shown in the table below:
Syllabus Theme Study Units
Spherical Trigonometry • Use of spherical trigonometry formulas
Geometrical Geodesy • Datum surfaces in geodesy - Calculations on the reference ellipsoid Map Projections • Projection principles - Map distortions - Formulae for the ellipsoidal earth - The choice of a suitable projection Space Geodesy • Time systems - Coordinate systems - Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) - Reference frames
Photogrammetry
Introduction to Photogrammetry
Radii of curvature
Datum transformations
Perform calculations and inverse transformations on the ellipsoid
Calculate datum transformation parameters Unit 4 Theme: Projection principles Week: 4 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
Developable surfaces
Projection types
Projection aspects
Projection characteristics
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Differentiate between different types of map projections and their properties and application in the GIS environment
H. Robinson
Unit 5 Theme: Map distortions Week: 5 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
- Tissot's indicatrix
- Calculation of scale factor
- Calculation of distance distortion
- Calculation of area distortion
- Calculation of angular distortion
At the end of this unit, you should be able to: - Calculate scale factor, Tissort’s Indicratix parameters and other forms of map distortions. - Analyze map distortions, draw and interpret a Tissort indicratix, given the Tissort parameters.
- Revise differentiation and partial differentiation techniques from WTW 114/WTW 134
Unit 6 Theme: Formulae for the ellipsoidal earth Week: 6 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials - Transverse Mercator - UTM
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Calculate new sets of coordinates using the formulas applicable to these projections
Class notes (ClickUP)
Unit 7 Theme: The choice of a suitable projection Week: 7 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials - Factors affecting the choice - Choice of Origin, aspect and class - Visual comparison - Special properties - Projection modification for improvement
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Choose appropriate projection in the GIS environment
Class notes (ClickUP)
Unit 8 Theme: Coordinate systems Week: 8 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
- Celestial system
- Observer system
- Relationships and transformations between the systems
- Calculations for celestial observations
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Calculate and transform coordinates in different systems.
Describe the importance, coordinate pairs and reference planes of each celestial coordinate system.
Smith P. D
Unit 9 Theme: Motions of the Earth and Time systems Week: 9 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
- Sidereal Time
- Solar Time and Apparent Solar Time
- Mean Solar Time
- Zone Time
- The relationships between UT, UT1, UTC, TAI, GPS time, Julian Days
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Describe and use different terminologies in space geodesy
Convert different time standards as used in geodesy
Apply necessary corrections to the observed coordinate
Smith P. D
Unit 10 Theme: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Week: 10 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials - GNSS Components - Operation including signal and conceptual calculation procedures - 3-D Positioning and the influence of the Geoid. - Sources of Error - Scientific applications of GNSS
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Describe the difference between GNSS components, and the working principles of GNSS
Assimilate how GNSS receiver solves for 3-D position conceptually.
Describe all the error sources in GNSS and their effect on GNSS products.
Mario A. Gomarasca
Torge and Müller
Unit 11 Theme: Reference frames Week: 11 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
- International Celestial Reference Frame-ICRF
- International Terrestrial Reference Frame-ITRF
- Definitions
- Techniques used to define these reference frames
- Applications
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Differentiate between ICRF and ITRF
Describe all the geodetic techniques used to contribute towards ICRF and ITRF as well as applications of these reference frames
Torge and Müller
Unit 12 Theme: Introduction to Photogrammetry Week: 12 Dates: Study Unit Themes Learning Outcomes Study Materials
library.up.ac/plagiarism/index.htm.
5 Support services
Please download a QR code reader on your cellphone).
- The 24-hour, multi-disciplinary UP Crisis Line offers professional and confidential support to victims of crime in times of trauma. For assistance and immediate action, phone the UP Crisis Line on: 0800 00 64 28.
- Hatfield residence students: From 18:00 till 06:00 security officers are available to escort you (on foot) to and from your residence or campus anywhere east of the Hatfield Campus through to the Hillcrest Campus.
5 E-learning support
- Report a problem you experience to the Student Help Desk on your campus.
- Visit the open labs in the Informatorium Building or IT labs on your campus to report problems at the offices of the Student Help Desk.
- Approach the assistants at the help desks—campus specific (for example: adjacent to the Student Computer Laboratories in IT Building, NW2, CBT or Aldoel Building IT labs, etc).
- Call 012 420 3837.
- Email studenthelp@up.ac
5 Other support services:
FLY@UP:
The Finish Line is Yours
- Think carefully before dropping modules (after the closing date for amendments or cancellation of modules).
- Make responsible choices with your time and work consistently.
- Aim for a good semester mark. Don’t rely on the examination to pass.
up.ac/fly@up
email: fly@up.ac
Disability Unit
Academic support for students with learning disabilities: - Assistive technological services - Facilitation of test and examination accommodations - Test and exam concession applications - Accessible study venues and a computer lab - Referrals for recommended textbooks in electronic format
up.ac/disability- unit
012 420 2064 email: du@up.ac
Student Counselling Unit
Provides counselling and therapeutic support to students
012 420 2333
Student Health Services
Promotes and assists students with health and wellness
012 420 5233
012 420 3423
The Careers Office
Provides support for UP students and graduates as they prepare for their careers
careerservices@up.ac 012 420 2315
Department of Security Services
24-hour Operational Management Centre
24-hour Operational Manager Crisis Line
012 420-
012 420-
083 654 0476
0800 006 428
Department of Student Affairs
Enquiries concerning studies, accommodation, food, funds, social activities and personal problems
012 420 2371/
Roosmaryn Building, Hatfield campus
Centre for Sexualities, AIDS and Gender
Identifies and provides training of student peer counsellors
012 420 4391
Fees and funding
up.ac/enquiry up.ac/fees-and-funding 012 420 3111
IT Helpdesk For student IT related queries
012 420 3051
GMC310 Study Guide 2023
Course: Geometrical and space geodesy (GMC 310)
University: University of Pretoria
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