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Housing condition in delhi

Housing

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Geography Honours

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GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI

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DDEELLHHII – – 111100005544

Website:des.delhigovt.nic

GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI

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DDEELLHHII – – 111100005544

Website:des.delhigovt.nic

November, 2014

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Trade, 24% in manufacturing activity, 8% in transport &

storage, 6% in construction activity, 0% on Agriculture, and

0% on Electricity, Gas and Water supply related activities.

Occupational distribution (as per NCO 2004) of households revealed

that 32% were in legislatures, senior officers and managers related

occupations, 8% service workers and shop & market sales workers,

5% professionals, about 5% each clerical categories, technicians

and associate professionals and 37% craft & related workers, plant

& machine operators etc.

In 35% of households distance usually commuted by the principal

earner of the household from the place of residence to work place was

in the range of 0-5 km daily on one way, 18% of 5-10 km, 15%

of 10-15 km and 15% covered distance of more than 15 km. The

rest 14% were not required to travel.

Structural Characteristics

In Delhi 99% families live in pucca, 0% in semi-pucca, and

0% in kutcha type of structure as against the All India average of

74% in pucca, 18% in semi-pucca and 7% in kutcha type of

houses.

61% households were residing in owned dwellings, 4%

employer provided, 28% in rented dwelling and remaining 6%

having other arrangement in Delhi. The national average in this

respect was 83% owned, 1% employer provided accommodation,

13% in rented dwelling and 2% had other arrangement.

iii

In Delhi 51% stay in independent, 46% in flat type dwellings as

against the national average of 69% in independent houses, 17%

in flats.

40% of the households are residing in the dwellings aged 20-

years, 27% families in the dwellings built 10-20 years back,

17% in the dwellings of 5-10 years old and about 10% in the

dwellings built nearly 40-60 years back.

Status of Amenities

73% of the households draw drinking water from piped water/tap,

about 14% from public tap/stand pipe, 6% from tube well/

borehole.

62% of the households have exclusive use of the water source,

17% were uses share as the same source and 17% depends on

the source provided by the government.

82% of the households had availability of drinking water source within

the premises of their house and 18% outside their house premises.

52% of the households were having good ventilation facilities,

40% houses were having satisfactory ventilation facility and the

rest 7% houses were having bad ventilation of their dwellings.

99% of households were having electricity connections for domestic

use.

63% of households were having separate kitchen with or without

water tap.

SSEECCTTIIOONN OONNEE

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SECTION ONE

INTRODUCTION

Housing is one of the basic requirements for human survival. From

the social point of view house provides significant economic security and

status in the society. For a shelter less person house brings about a

profound social change in his existence endowing him with an identity and

gives scope for integrating himself with his immediate social milieu. Further,

it will have a direct effect on the health, education and efficiency of the

workforce and their families. From society point of view, Housing promotes

economic activities, raises quality of life; act as strong motivating force to

generate voluntary savings. On the other hand a person living in any

unhygienic and improper house is likely to suffer from fall in his productivity,

deterioration in health condition and lead to family unrest and even fall prey

to bad habits. Thus, housing occupies and indispensable position in the day-

to-day life of any person.

One of the striking features of industrial development in India has

been the concentration of industries in and around a few selected cities and

towns. This is perhaps due to the availability of power, transport,

communication facilities and proximity to Government agencies etc. It is

widely known that a vast majority of poor either do not have a house or

living in unserviceable katcha house in slums under dismally poor living

conditions which lack basic amenities like sanitation, water supply, regular

disposal of solid wastes and garbage which are the source of pollution to

resources in the environment.

of the households and at other places. The latest available data on housing

condition is the data corresponding to NSS 65

round (July 2008 – June

in which a nationwide survey was carried out to provide estimates on

various characteristics of housing amenities, housing condition, cost of

construction, etc.

####### OBJECTIVE, SCOPE & COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY

The survey on housing condition was aimed to portray several aspects

of housing condition. On the one hand, the condition of the residential

dwellings with respect to its micro environment like the area where the

house was located, plinth level, use of house, period since built, condition of

the structure, type of dwelling, number of rooms, etc., infrastructure

facilities available like electricity, bathroom, drinking water, sewerage,

drainage, garbage disposal, ventilation, etc. was collected. This apart, data

on household characteristics, principal industry and occupation of the

household, distance to the place of work normally traveled by the principal

earning member of the household were also collected.

####### REFERENCE PERIOD

A reference period of last 365 days was used for most of the items

under particulars of living facilities, housing characteristics and micro

environment, particulars of the dwelling, general particulars of the

households living in houses etc. However for some items like specific types

of illness, water charges, rent, consumer expenditure etc. reference period

of last 30 days was used.

####### CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT

The present report provides the estimates of characteristics relating to

housing conditions on the state sample. The report is presented in six

sections. Section two and three dealt with ‘sample design and estimation

procedure’ and ‘conceptual framework’ respectively. Section four

exhaustively dealt with the demographic profile, structural characteristics of

dwellings and availability of various basic amenities etc. Detailed statistical

tables are given in section five. The facsimile of the schedule of enquiry is

given in Appendix-A.

SECTION TWO

SAMPLE DESIGN AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURE

The 69

round was of six months duration from 1

July 2012 to 31

December, 2012. The survey period of this round was divided into two sub-

rounds of three months duration each as follows: -

Sub-Round Period

1 July – September 2012

2 October – December 2012

####### SCHEDULES OF INQUIRY

The broad subjects and schedules of inquiry for the 69

Round are as

follows.

SL. No. Schedule Description

1 0 List of Households

2 1 Drinking water,

Sanitation, Hygiene and

Housing condition.

####### 3 0.

Particulars of Slum

Schedule 0 was canvassed in the urban areas only.

####### SAMPLE DESIGN

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sample design was

adopted in this round. The first-stage units were the 2001 census villages in

the rural sector and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the

urban sector. The ultimate stage units were households in both the sectors.

Sampling Frame for first-Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of

2001 Census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanized and

including the towns deurbanized after 2001 census constituted the sampling

frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of Urban Frame Survey

(UFS) blocks was used as the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSU:

Within each district of state/UT two basic strata were formed i) Rural

Stratum comprising all villages of the districts and ii) Urban stratum

comprising all the urban areas of the district. However, in the urban areas of

a district if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more

as per population census 2011 in a district, each of them formed a separate

basic stratum and the remaining areas of the district were considered as

another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification:

Rural Sector: If ‘r’ be the sample size allotted for a rural stratum, the

number of sub strata formed was ‘r/2’. The village within the district as per

frame were first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-

stratum 1 to ‘r/2’ were demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum

comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and had more or less

equal population.

Urban Sector: Each stratum was divided into 2 sub-strata viz.

Sub-stratum 1: All UFS blocks having area type “slum areas” and

Sub-stratum 2: Remaining UFS blocks.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors:

State/ UT level sample size was allocated between two sectors in proportion

to population as per census 2011 with double weightage to urban sector

subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. would not exceed the rural sample size. A

minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector

separately) were allocated to each State/ UT.

Approximate present population

of the sample FSU

No. of hamlet-groups/sub blocks

formed

(Value of ‘D’)

Less than 1200 1

1200 to 1799 3

1800 to 2399 4

2400 to 2999 5

3000 to 3599 6

.... And so on

Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) were selected from a large

FSU wherever hamletgroups/sub-blocks were formed in the following

manner – one hg/ sb with maximum percentage share of population was

always selected and termed as hg/ sb 1; one more hg/ sb was selected from

the remaining hg’s/ sb’s by Simple Random Sampling (SRS) and termed as

hg/ sb 2. Listing and selection of the households was done independently in

the two selected hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb

formation were treated as sample hg/ sb number 1.

Formation of Second Stage Strata (SSS) and selection of household:

In each selected village/block/segment, three second stage strata (SSS)

were formed on the basis of structure type in rural and on the basis of

MPCE** in urban. The number of households selected is given below:

Type of Second Stage Strata FSU without

hg/sb formation

FSU with hg/sb

formation

(for each hg/sb)

####### RURAL

SSS 1: households having

pucca dwelling structure

####### 4 2

SSS 2: households having

semi pucca dwelling structure

####### 4 2

SSS 3: other households

(including those with no

structure)

####### 4 2

####### URBAN

SSS 1: households having

MPCE of top 10% of urban

population (MPCE > B)

####### 2 1

SSS 2: households having

MPCE of middle 60% of urban

population (A≤ MPCE ≤ B)

####### 4 2

SSS 3: households having

MPCE of bottom 30% of urban

population (MPCE < A)

####### 6 3

**Two cut-off points ‘A’ and ‘B’ (in Rs.), determined from NSS 66

round data for each

NSS region for urban areas in such a way that top 10% of the population have MPCE more

than ‘B’ and bottom 30% of the population have MPCE less than A, have been used for

second-stage stratification.

The sample households were selected by SRSWOR from each SSS.

####### ESTIMATION PROCEDURE

Notations:

s = subscript for s-th stratum

t = subscript for t-th sub-stratum

m = subscript for sub-sample (m =1, 2,3)

i = subscript for i-th FSU [village (panchayat ward)/ block)

d = subscript for a hamlet-group/ sub-block (d = 1, 2)

j = subscript for j-th second stage stratum in an FSU/ hg/sb [ j = (1, 2 or 3)]

k = subscript for k-th sample household under a particular second stage

stratum within an FSU/ hg/sb

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