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Cology drugs chart - Semester 5

Semester 5

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microbiology Bpharmacy 1 (PA32324)

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad

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Pharmacology Drug Chart

Cholinergic Agonists Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Acetylcholine

Muscarinic ↓ HR, CO and BP ↑ Salivary Secretions ↑ Secretions and Motility in the GIT ↑ Bronchiolar Secretions Miosis (Constriction of the Pupil)

Bethanechol

Muscarinic Stimulates the detrusor while relaxing the trigone and sphincter causing urination in Nonobstructive retention i. postoperative and postpartum

Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, ↓ BP, Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, and Bronchospasam

Carbachol

Muscarinic Similar to Bethanechol to treat urinary retention Used on the Eye to cause Miosis ↓ Intraocular Pressure to treat Glaucoma

When used to treat Glaucoma there are little to no side effects b/c of direct administration

Pilocarpine

Muscarinic Miosis ↓ Intraocular Pressure in BOTH Narrow and Wide angle Glaucoma

Can enter the brain and cause CNS disturbances ↑ Sweating ↑ Salivation

Anticholinesterases - Irreversible Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Organophosphates

Covalently bonds to AChase

Chronic treatment of Open-angle Glaucoma Death /

Anticholinesterases - Reversible Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Physostigmine

Competitive Inhibitor of AChase

↑ Intestinal Motility ↑ Bladder Motility Miosis ↓ Intraocular Pressure Used to treat an overdose of Atropine

Bradycardia Can enter the CNS and high doses may cause convulsions

Neostigmine

Competitive Inhibitor of AChase

↑ Intestinal Motility ↑ Bladder Motility Antidote for Tubocurarine Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, ↓ BP, Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, and Bronchospasam

Cholinergic Antagonists Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Atropine

Non-specific Muscarinic Blocker via Competitive Binding

Mydriasis (Dilation of the Pupil) Relaxes the GIT Antispasmodic activity in the Bladder Treatment of Organophosphate overdose by blocking the effects of excess ACh caused by Anti-AChase Blocks secretions of the upper and lower respiratory tract

Dry Mouth Blurred Vision Tachycardia Constipation ↑ Intraocular Pressure (Bad for Glaucoma) Enters the CNS to cause Confusion, Hallucinations, Depression and collapse of the Circulatory and Respiratory systems

Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Epinephrine - FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Low Dose β Med Dose D High Dose α

ACTIONS

Positive Inotropic β 1 Positive Chronotropic β 1 ↑ CO ↓ TPR Vasoconstriction in Skin and Viscera α 1 Vasodilation in Liver and Skeletal Muscle β 2 ↓ Renal blood flow ↑ Systolic Pressure ↓ Diastolic Pressure Bronchodilation β 2 ↑ Glycogenolysis in Liver β 2 ↑ Release of Glucagon β 2 ↓ Release of Insulin α 2 ↑ Lipolysis - β1 Receptors in Adipose Tissue THERAPEUTIC USES ↓ Intraocular Pressure (↓ Aqueous Humor) Used to treat Anaphylactic Shock Used to treat acute Asthma

CNS Disturbances Hemorrhage Cardiac Arrhythmias Pulmonary Edema

Norepinephrine

Mostly α1, α2 are for Negative Feedback β 1

↑ TPR

↑ BP

Reflex Bradycardia

Isoproterenol / Isoprenaline

β1 and β 2 Decreased Uptake

Positive Inotropic Positive Chronotropic Vasodilation of Skeletal Muscle Bronchodilation

CNS Disturbances Hemorrhage Cardiac Arrhythmias Pulmonary Edema

Dopamine

High Dose α Med Dose β Low Dose D

↑ TPR

↑ CO

↓ TPR

Drug of choice for shock because it ↑ Renal and Splanchnic blood flow Treatment of CHF

Sympathetic Stimulation Nausea Hypertension Arrhythmias

Dobutamine

β 1 ↑ CO Treatment of CHF

Use with caution in Atrial Fibrillation because the drug ↑ atrioventricular conduction

Phenylephrine

α1 and α2 but mostly α 1

Resistant to COMT Vasoconstriction ↑ Systolic Pressure ↑ Diastolic Pressure Mydriasis

Reflex Bradycardia Hypertensive Headache Cardiac Irregularities

Clonidine

α 2 ↓ BP due to its action on the CNS Treatment of Hypertension Treatment for the withdrawal from Opiates and Benzodiazepines

Salbutamol

β 2 Bronchodilation Treatment of Asthma

Reflex Tachycardia

α-Methyldopa

α2 Agonist Treatment of Hypertension ↓ TPR ↓ BP Organ Blood Flow is NOT Reduced

Sedation Drowsiness

Phentolamine

α1 and α 2 Competitive

Used in the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma Postural Hypotension Tachycardia Cardiac Stimulation Epinephrine Reversal Anginal Pain Arrhythmias

Prazosin

α1 Competitive Treatment of Hypertension ↓ TPR Alternative to surgery in benign Prostatic Hypertrophy thus improving urine flow

First Dose Effect Syncope Postural Hypotension Lack of Energy Nasal Congestion Headache

β Adrenergic Antagonists Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Propranolol

β1 and β 2 Nonselective

↓ Intraocular Pressure ↓ Aqueous Humor Treatment of Migraine Curbing the effects of Hyperthyroidism Treatment of STABLE Angina (NOT ACUTE) Can aid in the prevention a Second MI

Bronchoconstriction Arrhythmias Sexual Impairment (unclear as to why) ↓ Glycogenolysis ↓ Glucagon - Adverse of Insulin dependent diabetics

Atenolol

β1 Selective Cardioselective

Treatment of Hypertension ↓ BP Treatment of Angina Treatment of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmia Treatment of Tachycardia

May compromise respiratory activity in Asthmatics

Labetalol

α1 Antagonist β1 Antagonist β2 Partial Agonist

Vasodilation ↓ BP ↓ HR Treatment of Hypertension - Especially useful for patients with Asthma and Diabetics due to the β2 partial agonist effect

Postural Hypotension α 1 Dizziness α 1

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Reserpine

Mg2+ / ATP Dependent Transporter

ACTION

Blocks the Mg2+ / ATP Dependent transporter from transporting Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serotonin from the cytoplasm into the storage vesicles THERAPEUTIC USES Treatment of Hypertension

Causes the ultimate depletion of Norepinephrine in the adrenergic neuron Sympathetic function is greatly impaired May cause Bradycardia

Guanethidine

Mechanism 1 - Displaces Norepinephrine from storage vesicles Mechanism 2 - Blocks the release of stored Norepinephrine Treatment of Hypertension (Rarely Used) ↓ BP ↓ HR

Postural Hypotension Male sexual function interference Hypertensive Crisis in patients with Pheochromocytoma due to a supersensitivity to Norepinephrine

Cocaine

Na+ / K+ ATPase Inhibits reuptake 1 of Norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft by blocking Na/K ATPase

Causes the accumulation of Norepinephrine in the synaptic space Causes an enhancement of Sympathetic activity

Propranolol Class II β Adrenorecepter Blocker REPEAT

β1 and β 2 Nonselective

Suppresses Phase 4 Depolarization ↓ cAMP causes ↓ Ca2+ Influx in Cardiac Tissue which leads to ↓CO ↓ HR ↓ Intraocular Pressure ↓ Aqueous Humor Treatment of Migraine Curbing the effects of Hyperthyroidism Treatment of STABLE Angina (NOT ACUTE) Treatment of arrhythmias caused by ↑ sympathetic activity Can aid in the prevention of a Second MI

Bronchoconstriction Arrhythmias Sexual Impairment (unclear as to why) ↓ Glycogenolysis ↓ Glucagon

Amiodarone Class III K+ Channel Blocker

Binds to K Channels to Diminish Outward Current During Repolarization

Prolongs Phase 3 Repolarization Treatment of severe Supraventricular and Ventricular Tachycardia Has Class I, II, III, IV Effects

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis GI Intolerance Hyper or Hypothyroidism Liver Toxicity Neuropathy Muscle Weakness Blue Skin (Iodine accumulation)

Verapamil Class IV Ca2+ Channel Blocker

Binds to Voltage Gated Ca Channels to Decrease the Inward Current

Shortens Action Potential Greater effect on the heart than on vascular smooth muscle Treatment of Atrial Dysrhythmias Treatment of Reentrant Supraventricular Tachycardia Reduction in Atrial Flutter Treatment of Hypertension

Negative Inotropic ↓ BP due to peripheral vasodilation

Diltiazem Class IV Ca2+ Channel Blocker

Binds to Voltage Gated Ca Channels to Decrease the Inward Current

Negative Inotropic ↓ BP due to peripheral vasodilation

Digoxin

Blocks Na/K Channels and Reverses Ca/Na Antiport to ↑ Intracellular Ca

Shortens the refractory period in both the atria and the ventricles while prolonging the effective refractory period and decreasing the conduction velocity

Can cause Ectopic ventricular beats Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation

Adenosine

Inhibits cAMP Dependent Ca and ↑ K Conduction (Hyperpolarization)

Slows AV Nodal Conduction Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia

Flushing Shortness of Breath AV Block

Mg2+

Unknown Treatment of Digitalis Induced Arrhythmias Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia

Antihypertensive Drugs Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Thiazide Diuretics Bendrofluazide

Mechanism Unknown Treatment of Hypertension ↑ Water and Na Excretion ↓ BP ↓ TPR ↓ CO ↓ [Ca2+] in the Urine

Induce Hypokalemia and Hyperuricemia Can induce Hyperglycemia Gout Diabetics Mellitus

Loop Diuretics

Cause ↓ Renal Vascular Resistance and ↑ Renal Blood Flow ↑ [Ca2+] in the Urine Used on patients with poor renal function rather than the Thiazide Diuretics

Propranolol REPEAT

β1 and β 2 Nonselective

↓ Intraocular Pressure ↓ Aqueous Humor Treatment of Migraine Curbing the effects of Hyperthyroidism Treatment of STABLE Angina (NOT ACUTE) Can aid in the prevention of a Second MI

Bronchoconstriction Arrhythmias Sexual Impairment (unclear as to why) ↓ Glycogenolysis ↓ Glucagon

Atenolol REPEAT

β1 Selective Cardioselective

Treatment of Hypertension ↓ BP Treatment of Angina Treatment of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmia Treatment of Tachycardia

May compromise respiratory activity in Asthmatics

Labetalol REPEAT

α1 Antagonist β1 Antagonist β2 Partial Agonist

Vasodilation ↓ BP ↓ HR Treatment of Hypertension - Especially useful for patients with Asthma and Diabetics due to the β2 partial agonist effect

Postural Hypotension α 1 Dizziness α 1

ACE Inhibitors Captapril

Blocks the ACE enzyme

↓ Peripheral Vascular Resistance without affecting CO, HR or Contractility Treatment of Hypertension

Dry Cough due to a diminished rate of Bradykinin Inactivation Renal Damage Rashes Fever First Dose Effect Syncope

Angiotensin II Antagonists: Losartan

Highly Selective Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (AT 1 Subtype)

Similar to ACE Inhibitors Vasodilation Blocks Aldosterone Secretion No Dry cough because Bradykinin is not affected

Improved of ACE Inhibitors Fetotoxic

Prazosin REPEAT

α1 Competitive Treatment of Hypertension ↓ TPR Alternative to surgery in benign Prostatic Hypertrophy thus improving urine flow

First Dose Effect Syncope Postural Hypotension Lack of Energy Nasal Congestion Headache

Reserpine REPEAT

Mg2+ / ATP Dependent Transporter

ACTION

Blocks the Mg2+ / ATP Dependent transporter from transporting Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serotonin from the cytoplasm into the storage vesicles THERAPEUTIC USES Treatment of Hypertension

Causes the ultimate depletion of Norepinephrine in the adrenergic neuron Sympathetic function is greatly impaired May cause Bradycardia

Vasodilators Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Hydralizine

Atrial Dilation ↓ TPR Treatment of Hypertension

Tachycardia GI discomfort Hirsuitism

Minoxidil

Atrial Dilation ↓ TPR Treatment of Hypertension

Tachycardia GI discomfort Hirsuitism

K+ Sparing Diuretics Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Spirolactene

Competes with Aldosterone Receptors

Leads to Na Secretion and K Retention Weak Diuretic

Hyperkalemia

Autacoids Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Prostaglandins

Abortion Peptic Ulcers Inhibits the secretion of HCl in the stomach Erectile Dysfunction (Alprostadil)

With Alprostadil there is pain at the site of injection

Histamine

H 1

H 2

H 1 and H 2

Bronchial and Intestinal Smooth Muscle Contraction ↑ NO ↑ Production of Nasal and Bronchial Mucus Stimulates Itch and Pain and Sensory Nerve Endings ↑ Gastric HCl secretion ↓ Systemic BP ↓ Peripheral Resistance Positive Inotropic (H 1 and H 2 ) Positive Chronotropic (H 2 ) Capillary Permeability Vasodilation Triple Response - Wheal Formation, Reddening and Halo

Respiratory Symptoms ↓ Lung Capacity Intestinal Cramps Diarrhea

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Cology drugs chart - Semester 5

Course: microbiology Bpharmacy 1 (PA32324)

9 Documents

Students shared 9 documents in this course

University: Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad

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Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 1

Pharmacology Drug Chart

Cholinergic Agonists

Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Acetylcholine

Muscarinic ↓ HR, CO and BP

↑ Salivary Secretions

↑ Secretions and Motility in the GIT

↑ Bronchiolar Secretions

Miosis (Constriction of the Pupil)

Bethanechol

Muscarinic Stimulates the detrusor while relaxing the

trigone and sphincter causing urination in

Nonobstructive retention i.e. postoperative and

postpartum

Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, ↓ BP, Nausea,

Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, and Bronchospasam

Carbachol

Muscarinic Similar to Bethanechol to treat urinary retention

Used on the Eye to cause Miosis

↓ Intraocular Pressure to treat Glaucoma

When used to treat Glaucoma there are little to

no side effects b/c of direct administration

Pilocarpine

Muscarinic Miosis

↓ Intraocular Pressure in BOTH Narrow and

Wide angle Glaucoma

Can enter the brain and cause CNS disturbances

↑ Sweating

↑ Salivation

Anticholinesterases - Irreversible

Drug Name Receptor Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects

Organophosphates Covalently bonds to

AChase

Chronic treatment of Open-angle Glaucoma Death /