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Counseling-HIV AIDs counseling

Course

Guidance and Counseling (BEDE401.1)

6 Documents
Students shared 6 documents in this course
Academic year: 2021/2022
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Kannur University

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HIV/AIDS COUNSELING

INTRODUCTION

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a virus that attacks cells in the immune system (the body’s natural defence against illness). The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell – also referred to as a CD4 cell – and uses these cells to make copies of itself.

As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually weakens a person’s immune system. This means that someone who has HIV, and isn’t taking treatment for it, will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases.

If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so severely damaged that it can no longer defend itself. However, the rate at which HIV progresses varies depending on age, general health and background.

AIDS

AIDS is a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by the HIV virus. A person is said to have

AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection, and they develop certain symptoms and illnesses (known as ‘opportunistic infections ’). This is the last stage of HIV, when the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death.

WHAT IS HIV /AIDS COUNSELLING

HIV counselling is a confidential dialogue between a client and a counsellor aimed at

enabling the client to cope with stress and take personal decisions related to HIV/AIDS. The counselling process includes evaluating the personal risk of HIV transmission, and discussing how to prevent infection.

TYPES IN HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING

HIV counselling can broadly be divided into 2 sub-groups as ‘Client initiated testing and

counselling and Provider initiated counselling’.

Client Initiated Counselling : As the name suggests, client initiated counselling is a counselling service opted by the client himself. We can also call it as a voluntary counselling session. This counselling depends upon client’s perception of risk of getting HIV and need for test. Clients visiting VCT canters is an example of client initiated counselling.

Provider Initiated Counselling : On the other hand provider initiated counselling is recommended by client’s health care provider (HCP) as a part of the treatment given to him/her. Provider initiated counselling and testing helps the doctor or HCP in treating the client in better manner. Recommending HIV test under antenatal care or under RNTCP are few examples of provider initiated counselling.

HIV counselling can be classified into various types as follows:

1)Pre-test Counselling : This counselling aims at preparing the client to undergo HIV

test. In this counselling client is provided with the complete information regarding HIV/AIDS covering routes of HIV transmission, difference between having an infection and suffering from AIDS. Describing relationship between STI and HIV, parent to foetus transmission and its prevention, HIV prevention in general and treatment. Client’s HIV risk assessment is also done in pre test counselling. Assessment is made about whether the client understands his vulnerability towards HIV infection. This is called as ‘Risk Appraisal’. Risk reduction plan is developed and risk reduction goals are set up in this counselling.

2)Post-test Counselling : In this session, review of the HIV information provided at

pertest counselling sessions is done. One should also assess the anxiety and stress level of the client. HIV test result is informed, explained and his/her understanding of it is judged. If report is negative, concept of window period is explained and the need for retesting is explored. Risk reduction plan is reviewed and adherence to it is assessed. Adherence to safer sex practices is emphasized. Partner testing is also recommended. If the report is positive, his/her emotional reaction to the test result is observed and the client is allowed some time for his/her emotional outburst. NACO VCT guideline (NACO, 2004) provides details about psychosocial issues of PLHAs. Depending on the emotional reaction and client’s capacity and ability to comprehend, information about healthy life style is provided.

3)Crisis Counselling : Crisis is not a traumatic event or experience in itself but it is an

individual’s reaction or response to the situation. Crisis counselling is restricted only to that particular event which has triggered the crisis. It minimizes the severity of the traumatic situation. This type of counselling is required till the reaction to the trigger lasts. Assessment of the situation, educating and helping the client to understand the situation, offering them support, encouragement to get support from near and dear ones to overcome the crisis.

4)Grief Counselling : Grief or bereavement is a human response to a permanent loss

counsellor near and dear. Most of the times this loss is in the form of death. In the field of HIV, counsellors come across many situations where they have to counsel the children or spouses of the HIV infected individual after his/her death. Main aim of this type of counselling is assisting a person accepting the death and minimizing the feeling of insecurity and loneliness. Stigma and discrimination due to HIV infection is also an important factor that should be taken care of in grief counselling. Grief counselling includes few steps like assessing the perception of death, providing emotional support and bringing the client back to normal life.

5)Adherence Counselling : HIV is no longer a fatal/incurable disease. It has become

manageable illness with the advent of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART). Government of India launched ART roll out program in the year 2004. ART effectively supprxesses

result. Also, by involving a trusted friend or supporter in the decision to test, the person being tested will have someone with whom to discuss the test results. If couples are tested at the same time, they avoid the potentially difficult situation in which only one partner is tested and then must reveal his or her diagnosis to the other.

Prevention

There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.

To help prevent the spread of HIV:

a. Use treatment as prevention (TasP). If you're living with HIV, taking HIV medication can keep your partner from becoming infected with the virus.

b. Abstinence before marriage

c. Fidelity to the marriage partner.

d. If their is any danger of infection condom can be used e. Use post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if you've been exposed to HIV. Taking PEP as soon as possible within the first 72 hours can greatly reduce your risk of becoming infected with HIV.

f. Consider preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The combination drugs emtricitabine plus tenofovir (Truvada) and emtricitabine plus tenofovir alafenamide (Descovy) can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection in people at very high risk.

g. Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV .It's important to tell all your current and past sexual partners that you're HIV-positive. They'll need to be tested.

h. Use of injectable drugs is a reason for HIV spread.

i. If you're pregnant, get medical care right away. If you're HIV-positive, you may pass the infection to your baby. But if you receive treatment during pregnancy, you can significantly cut your baby's risk.

j. Consider male circumcision. There's evidence that male circumcision can help reduce the risk of getting HIV infection

BENIFITS OF HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING

k. Self-awareness about the affected disease and introspection l. Understand about the situation m space n. Anonymity or screen name o. Improves self-esteem, self-confidence and social skills p. Inception of thoughts

q. Identification of our priorities r. Acceptance beyond all rights and wrongs s. Helps you relate to and understand others better t. Tell you things you wanted to hear u. Reduces anxiety about the disease v. Enables patient to regain emotional balance & realise self-worth

CONCLUSION

Though HIV/ AIDS is a disease, which cannot be cured or eradicated from society, the only

solution to AIDS lies in its prevention and awareness. We must have our regular and periodical health check-up so that we don’t fall prey to such deadly diseases. We must also encourage and educate others to do the same. With the widespread awareness about the disease, much fewer adults and children are dying of AIDS. The only way to fight the AIDS disease is through creating awareness. The counselling for HIV/ AIDS affected people and awareness programs will help the people to understand about the disease and its aftereffects and will be stay back from the unsafe sexual activities

REFERENCE

researchgate/publication/

who/3by5/publications/briefs/hiv_testing_counselling/en/

researchgate/publication/50907904_HIVAIDS_Counseling_Ski

lls_and_Strategies_Can_Testing_and_Counseling_Curb_the_Epidemic

researchgate/publication/259786628_HIVAIDS_Counseling_S

kills_Practices_and_Challenges

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Counseling-HIV AIDs counseling

Course: Guidance and Counseling (BEDE401.1)

6 Documents
Students shared 6 documents in this course

University: Kannur University

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HIV/AIDS COUNSELING
INTRODUCTION
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a
virus that attacks cells in the immune system (the body’s natural defence against illness). The
virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell – also
referred to as a CD4 cell – and uses these cells to make copies of itself.
As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually weakens a
person’s immune system. This means that someone who has HIV, and isn’t taking treatment
for it, will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases.
If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so
severely damaged that it can no longer defend itself. However, the rate at which HIV
progresses varies depending on age, general health and background.
AIDS
AIDS is a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by the HIV virus. A person is said to have
AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection, and they develop certain
symptoms and illnesses (known as ‘opportunistic infections ’). This is the last stage of HIV,
when the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death.
WHAT IS HIV /AIDS COUNSELLING
HIV counselling is a confidential dialogue between a client and a counsellor aimed at
enabling the client to cope with stress and take personal decisions related to HIV/AIDS.
The counselling process includes evaluating the personal risk of HIV transmission, and
discussing how to prevent infection.
TYPES IN HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING
HIV counselling can broadly be divided into 2 sub-groups as ‘Client initiated testing and
counselling and Provider initiated counselling’.
Client Initiated Counselling : As the name suggests, client initiated counselling is a
counselling service opted by the client himself. We can also call it as a voluntary counselling
session. This counselling depends upon client’s perception of risk of getting HIV and need for
test. Clients visiting VCT canters is an example of client initiated counselling.
Provider Initiated Counselling : On the other hand provider initiated counselling is
recommended by client’s health care provider (HCP) as a part of the treatment given to
him/her. Provider initiated counselling and testing helps the doctor or HCP in treating the
client in better manner. Recommending HIV test under antenatal care or under RNTCP are
few examples of provider initiated counselling.

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