- Information
- AI Chat
Study Material Class XI PHY 2022-23
Physics
Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal
Related Studylists
12th physicsPreview text
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
CHENNAI REGION
STUDY MATERIAL
CLASS XI
PHYSICS (042)
Session 2022-
CHIEF PATRON
Ms. T
Offg Commissioner
KVS Chennai Region
PATRON
Mr I Thanga Raja
Assistant Commissioner
KVS Chennai Region
COURSE DIRECTOR
Mr. R.N Kumar
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Nagercoil.
S. No Content Page No.
1 Syllabus 5-
2 Units and Measurements 12-
3 Motion in a Straight Line 17-
4 Motion in a Plane 24-
5 Laws of Motion 30-
6 Work, Energy and Power 43-
7 System of Particles and Rotational Motion 55-
8 Gravitation 64-
9 Mechanical Properties of Solids 84-
10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids 93-
11
Thermal Properties of Matter
101-
12 Thermodynamics 109-
13
Behavior of Perfect Gases and
Kinetic Theory of Gases
113-
14 Oscillations & Waves 123-
15
Sample question Paper with Blue Print and
Answer key
140-
INDEX
####### SYLLABUS
####### PHYSICS
Class XI- (Code No)(2022-23)
Senior Secondary stage of school education is a stage of transition from general education to
discipline-based focus on curriculum. The present updated syllabus keeps in view the rigor and
depth of disciplinary approach as well as the comprehension level of learners. Due care has also
been taken that the syllabus is comparable to the international standards. Salient features of the
syllabus include:
Emphasis on basic conceptual understanding of the content.
Emphasis on use of SI units, symbols, nomenclature of physical quantities and formulations as per international standards.
Providing logical sequencing of units of the subject matter and proper placement of concepts with their linkage for better learning.
Reducing the curriculum load by eliminating overlapping of concepts/contentwithin the discipline and other disciplines.
Promotion of process-skills, problem-solving abilities and applications of Physics concepts.
Besides, the syllabus also attempts to
Strengthen the concepts developed at the secondary stage to provide firmfoundation for further learning in the subject.
Expose the learners to different processes used in Physics-related industrial andtechnological applications.
Develop process-skills and experimental, observational, manipulative, decisionmaking and investigatory skills in the learners.
Promote problem solving abilities and creative thinking in learners. Develop conceptual competence in the learners and make them realize and appreciatethe interface of Physics with other disciplines.
Unit I: Physical World and Measurement 08 Periods
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. significant figures. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Unit II: Kinematics 24 Periods
Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line
Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- projectile motion, uniform circular motion.
Unit III: Laws of Motion 14 Periods
Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction,rolling friction, lubrication. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circularmotion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).
Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power 14 Periods
Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work- energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: non- conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body 18Periods
Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centreof mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation ofangular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotationalmotion, comparison of linear and rotational motions. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simplegeometrical objects (no derivation).
Unit VI: Gravitation 12 Periods
Chapter–8: Gravitation
Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite.
Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter 24 Periods
Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson's ratio;elastic energy.
Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubblesand capillary rise.
Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state
- latent heat capacity.
Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law.
`
####### PRACTICALS
Total Periods: 60
The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination, has to include:
- Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed bythe students.
- Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be performed by the students.
- Report of the project carried out by the students.
####### EVALUATION SCHEME
Time 3 hours Max. Marks: 30
Topic Marks
Two experiments one from each section 7+ Practical record (experiment and activities) 5
One activity from any section 3
Investigatory Project 3
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5
Total 30
####### SECTION–A
Experiments
- To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier Callipers and hencefind its volume.
- To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
- To determine volume of an irregular lamina using screw gauge.
- To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.
- To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.
- To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.
- Using a simple pendulum, plot its L-T2 graph and use it to find the effective length of second's pendulum.
- To study variation of time period of a simple pendulum of a given length by taking bobs of same size but different masses and interpret the result.
- To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to find the co- efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.
- To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination θ by plotting graph between force and Sinθ.
`
Activities
- To make a paper scale of given least count, e., 0, 0 cm.
- To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.
- To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.
- To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.
- To study the variation in range of a projectile with angle of projection.
- To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane (using a double inclined plane).
- To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time. SECTION–B
Experiments
- To determine Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.
- To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load andextension.
- To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between P and V, and between P and 1/V.
- To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.
- To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
- To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time byplotting a cooling curve.
- To determine specific heat capacity of a given solid by method of mixtures.
- To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using sonometer.
- To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constantfrequency using sonometer.
- To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube bytwo resonance positions.
Activities
- To observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax.
- To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip.
- To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observations.
- To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillaryrise.
- To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
- To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loadedat (i) its end (ii) in the middle.
- To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid.
`
####### I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1 base quantity among the following is, a) Speed b) area c) length d) weight 2 of the following is not the unit of time a) second b) minute c) month d) light year 3 number of significant figures in the number 0 is, a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 4. Average distance of the Sun from the Earth a) light year b) astronomical unit c) fermi d) parsec 5. Dimensional analysis can be applied to a) to check the correctness of a physical equation. b) to derive the relationship between different physical quantities. c) to convert a physical quantity from one system of units to other. d) All of the above 6. Which of the following is dimensionless a) force/acceleration b) velocity/acceleration c) volume/area d) energy/work 7. The pair of the quantities having the same dimensions is a) displacement, velocity b) time, frequency c) wavelength, focal length d) force, acceleration 8. The dimensions of universal gravitational constant is a) [M-1L 3 T-2] b) [M 1 L 1 T-2] c) [M-1L 2 T-2] d) [M 1 L-1T-1] 9. Which of the following physical quantity has the dimensional formula [M 1 L 2 T-3] a) work b) power c) work d) impulse 10. If x = a + bt + ct 2 , where x is in metre and t in second, then what is the unit of ‘c’? a) m/s b) m/s 2 c) kgm/s d) m 2 /s
II. ASSERTION -- REASON QUESTIONS
Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false
- ASSERTION: Radian is the SI unit of plane angle. REASON : One radian is the angle subtended at the centre of the circle by an arc whose length is equal to the radius of the circle.
- ASSERTION: When we change the unit of measurement of a quantity, it’s numerical value changes. REASON : Smaller the unit of measurement smaller is its numerical value.
- ASSERTION: AU is much bigger than Ǻ REASON : AU is astronomical unit and Ǻ is angstrom
- ASSERTION: Sum of 7, 12 and 0 is 19. REASON : Significant figures in the sum or difference of two numbers should be reported with the same number of decimal places as that of the number with minimum number of decimal places.
- ASSERTION: Special functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions are notdimensionless REASON : A pure number, ratio of similar physical quantities such as angle and refractive index has some dimensions.
- ASSERTION: The units of some physical quantities can be expressed as combination of the base units REASON : We need large number of units for expressing the derived physical quantities.
- ASSERTION: Force cannot be added with pressure. REASON : The dimensions of force and pressure are different.
`
- ASSERTION: Displacement of a hormonic oscillator is given by y = A Sin (ωt + φ) which cannot be derived by dimensional analysis. REASON : Dimensionless constants cannot be obtained by this method.
- ASSERTION: 16 cm, 0 m and 0 km all have three significant figures. REASON : The number of significant figures does not depend on the system of units.
- ASSERTION: π and e are dimensional constants. REASON : The constant quantities having dimensions are called dimensionless variables.
III. CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1 All engineering phenomena deal with definite and measured quantities and so depend on the making of the measurement. We must be clear and precise in making these measurements. To make a measurement, magnitude of the physical quantity (unknown) is compared. The record of a measurement consists of three parts, i. the dimension of the quantity, the unit which represents a standard quantity and a number which is the ratio of the measured quantity to the standard quantity. (i) A device which is used for measurement of length to an accuracy of about 10-5m is, (a) screw gauge (b) spherometer (c) vernier callipers (d) Either (a) or (b) (ii) The system of units which is at present internationally accepted for measurement is, (a) CGS (b) FPS (c) SI (d) MKS (iii) Very large and small distances are measured by, (a) direct methods (b) indirect methods (c) Neither (a) or (b) (d) Either (a) or (b) (iv) The responsibility of maintenance and improvement of physical standards in our country is taken care by the institution, (a) NPL (b) NCL (c) CSIR (d) CECRI
- DIMENSIONS The nature of a physical quantity is described by its dimensions. All the physical quantities represented by derived units can be expressed in terms of some combination of seven fundamental or base quantities. We shall call these base quantities as the seven dimensions of the physical world, which are denoted with square brackets [ ]. Thus, length has the dimension [L], mass [M], time [T], electric current [A], thermodynamic temperature [K], luminous intensity [cd], and amount of substance [mol]. The dimensions of a physical quantity are the powers (or exponents) to which the base quantities are raised to represent that quantity. Note that using the square brackets [ ] round a quantity means that we are dealing with ‘the dimensions of’ the quantity. In mechanics, all the physical quantities can be written in terms of the dimensions [L], [M] and [T]. For example, the volume occupied by an object is expressed as the product of length, breadth and height, or three lengths. Hence the dimensions of volume are [L] × [L] × [L] = [L 3 ].
(i) Dimensional formula of surface tension (a) [M 1 L 0 T-2] (b) [M 0 L 1 T-2] (c) [M 1 L 1 T 0 ] (d) [M 1 L 1 T-2] (ii) Which of the following quantity is dimensionless (a) Area (b) Angle (c) velocity (d) force (iii) Which of the following equation is dimensionally not correct, (a) ½ mv 2 = mgh (b) v =u+at (c) p = ma (d) F = ma (iv) The value of gravitational constant in CGS system is 6 x10-8 dyne cm 2 g-2. The value of the same in SI unit system is, (a) 6 x10-12 Nm 2 kg-2 (b) 6 x10-11 dynem 2 kg 2 (c) 6 x10-11 Nm 2 kg-2 (d) 6 x10- dynem 2 kg 2
- SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Significant figures in the measured value of a physical quantity tell the number of digits in which we have confidence. Larger the number of significant figures obtained in a measurement, greater is the accuracy of measurement and vice-versa. In addition or subtraction, the number of decimal places in the result should equal
`
- Derive by the method of dimensions, an expression for the volume of a liquid flowing out per second through a narrow pipe. Assume that the rate of flow of liquid depends on (i) the coefficient of viscosity ‘η’ (ii) the radius ‘r’ of the pipe and (iii) the pressure gradient (p/l) along the pipe. Take K = π/8.
- The frequency ‘ν’ of vibration of a stretched string depends upon: (i) the length ‘l’ of the string (ii) its mass per unit length ‘m’ and (iii) the tension T in the string. Obtain dimensionally an expression for the frequency ‘ν’
- By the method of dimensions obtain an expression for the surface tension ‘S’ of a liquid rising in a capillary tube. Assume that the surface tension depends upon mass m of the liquid, pressure P of the liquid and the radius ‘r’ of the capillary tube.
- The depth x to which a bullet penetrates a human body depends upon (i)coefficient of elasticity ‘η’ and (ii)kinetic energy Ek by the method of dimensions show that: x ∝ [Ek / η ]1/3.
VI. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)
- a) What is a unit? b) Name the unit system in practice at present all over the world? c) What are fundamental and derived units? d) List the fundamental units in SI unit system along with their symbols. e) Write the SI units for the following physical quantities, angular velocity, Planck’s constant
- What are significant figures? State the rules to determine the number of significant figures with examples.
- a) Define dimensional formula. b) Give the uses of dimensional analysis. c) Write down the limitations of dimensional analysis.
VII. NUMERICALS 1. Deduce the dimensional formula for the following physical quantities: Gravitational constant, Surface tension, coefficient of viscosity and Young’s modulus. 2. Show that the angular momentum has the same dimensions as the Plank’s constant h which is given by the relation E = hν 3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10 6 dyne cm-2, find its value in SI units. 4. When 1m, 1kg and 1min are taken as the fundamental units, the magnitude of the force is 36 units. What will be the value of this force in CGS system? 5. Check by the method of dimensions whether the following equations are correct: (a) E =mc 2 (b) T = 2π √l/g 6. State the number of significant figures in the following measurements: (a) 0 2 (b) 5 N/m 2 (c) 1 x10 11 kg (d) 5 J
`
####### SCORING KEY
####### I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Qn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Answer c d a b d d c a b b
####### II. ASSERTION – REASON
Qn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Answer b c c a d c a b a d
####### III. CASE STUDY
Qn i ii iii iv 1 d c b a 2 a b c c 3 a c b d
VI. NUMERICALS
Qn ANSWER 1 [G] =[M 1 L 2 T-3], [S] = [M 1 L 0 T-2], [η] = [M 1 L-1T-1], [Y] = [M 1 L-1T-2] 2 Hint: L = mvr, h = E/ ν 3 105 Nm- 4 103 dyne 5 Both are correct 6 (a)1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 4
`
Instantaneous Speed and Instantaneous Velocity “Instantaneous speed is the limit of the average speed as the time interval becomes infinitesimally small”.
Instantaneous velocity “Instantaneous velocity or simply velocity is defined as the limit of the average velocity as the time interval Δt becomes infinitesimally small.”
v =
lim Δs Δt→0 Δt
Uniform Acceleration If an object undergoes equal changes in velocity in equal time intervals it is called uniform acceleration.
Average Acceleration. It is the change in the velocity divided by the time-interval during which the change occurs.
Instantaneous Acceleration. It is defined as the limit of the average acceleration as the time-interval Δt goes to zero.
a = lim Δv Δt→0 Δt
Kinematical Graphs The ‘displacement-time’ and the ‘velocity-time’ graphs of a particle are often used to provide us with a visual representation of the motion of a particle. The ‘shape’ of the graphs depends on the initial ‘co- ordinates’ and the ‘nature’ of the acceleration of the particle (Fig.)
the following general results are always valid (i) The slope of the displacement-time graph at any instant gives the speed of the particle at that instant. (ii) The slope of the velocity-time graph at any instant gives the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle at that instant. (iii) The area enclosed by the velocity-time graph, the time-axis and the two co-ordinates at ,time instants t 1 to t 2 gives the distance moved by the particle in the time-interval from t 1 to t 2.
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
- A bullet is dropped from the same height when another bullet is fired horizontally. They will hit the ground (a) one after the other (b) simultaneously (c) depends on the observer (d) None of these
2 particle is moving with a constant speed along a straight-line path. A force is not required to
(a) change its direction (b) decrease its speed
(c) keep it moving with uniform velocity (d)Increase its momentum
3 is the ratio of the average acceleration during the intervals OA and AB in the velocity-time graph as
`
shown below?
(a) ½ (b)⅓ (c)1 ( d)
For the motion with uniform velocity, the slope of the velocity-time graph is equal to (a) 1 m/s (b)Zero (c)Initial velocity (d)Final velocity
A spring with one end attached to a mass and the other to a rigid support is stretched and released. a. Magnitude of acceleration, when just released is maximum. b. Magnitude of acceleration, when at equilibrium position, is maximum. c. Speed is maximum when mass is at equilibrium position. d. Magnitude of displacement is always maximum whenever speed is minimum..
Which is the formula for motion in a straight line
(a) v = u + at (b) v = u – at (c) u = 2at+v (d) v = 2at+u
7 point of intersection of three axes X, Y and Z is called as
a) Origin O b) Reference point c) Both a and b d) None
Answers: 1 (b) 2 ( b) 3 (b) 4(b) 5 (a and c) 6a 7 ( a and b)
####### II. ASSERTION AND REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS
Here two statements are given- one labeled Assertion(A) and the other labeled as Reason(R).Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below: a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false
Assertion: A particle having constant acceleration must always move on a straight line. Reason: When magnitude of acceleration is constant, then speed of particle may remain constant.
Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not zero Reason : The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position.
Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion, in one dimension of a body cannot have negative slope. Reason : In one – dimensional motion the position does not reverse, so it cannot have a negative slope.
Assertion: For the uniform motion,the slope of position time graph will be constant. Reason: The slope of position time graph represent velocityof the object and for uniform motion it is constant
Study Material Class XI PHY 2022-23
Course: Physics
University: Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal
This is a preview
Access to all documents
Get Unlimited Downloads
Improve your grades
