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Class 11 Indian Economic Development - Chapter 10

Class 11 notes 13
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Mathematics – Iii

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11

Social Science - Indian Economic Development

Chapter 10 – Development Experiences of India:

A Comparison with Neighbours

  1. Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Ans: Different nations throughout the world are motivated to form regional and global economic groups such as SAARC, European Union, ASEAN, and others in order to better grasp diverse means and plans for economic strengthening. Such formations allow member countries to learn about the development methods and policies used by other members. This allows them to assess their strengths and weaknesses and, as a result, adopt strategies to expedite social growth and cultural development among its member countries. Second, another key reason for the formation of these associations is to maintain the member countries' peace and stability. Furthermore, these organizations provide a common forum for people to unite and speak out on shared issues in order to protect their common interests.

  1. What are the various means by which countries are trying to strengthen their own domestic economies?

Ans: The following are the different methods through which nations are attempting to boost their domestic economies:

(i) To boost their economies, nations are joining numerous regional and economic groups such as SAARC, the European Union, the G-8, the G-20, and ASEAN. These organizations provide a shared forum for member countries to speak out on common concerns in a cohesive voice in order to protect their common interests.

(ii) They are also interested in learning about the developmental processes used by their neighboring countries in order to assess their own strengths and flaws. As a result, they adopt strategies to enhance social and cultural growth among member countries.

(iii) Furthermore, governments are liberalizing their economy. This reduces the government's involvement in economic activity. The economy is governed by market forces, i. demand and supply factors.

(iv) Nations also use the globalisation process to open up their economy and create a large worldwide market to their domestic producers.

  1. What similar developmental strategies have India and Pakistan followed for their respective developmental paths?

Ans: Both India and Pakistan have pursued a similar developmental agenda. The following are the primary similarities between the developmental strategies:

i. Both India and Pakistan began development programs based on economic planning soon after their independence in 1947.

ii. Both countries rely on the public sector to kickstart the growth and development process.

iii. They have both followed the road of a mixed economic structure, involving both the state and the private sector.

iv. They both implemented economic changes at the same time in order to develop their economies.

  1. Explain the Great Leap Forward campaign of China as initiated in 1958.

Ans: The Great Leap Forward (GLF) was a Chinese movement that began in 1958. The following are the campaign's objectives:

  1. The campaign's goal was to kickstart large-scale industrialization in the country, focusing not just on urban but also on rural areas.

  2. People in cities were encouraged to start businesses in their own backyards.

  3. The Commune System was adopted in rural regions. People engaged in collective farming under this method.

g) All of the preceding actions established an environment suitable to launching the economic changes that were eventually launched in 1988.

  1. What is the important implication of the one child norm in China?

Ans: The significant impact of China's one-child policy is the country's low population growth. This approach also resulted in a decrease in China's sex ratio, or the proportion of females per thousand males. However, the country believes that in the following decades, there will be a greater proportion of elderly people than young ones. As a result, the country will be forced to implement social security measures with fewer personnel.

  1. Mention the salient demographic indicators China, Pakistan and India.

Ans: Select democratic indicators, 2013

Countr y

Estimated populatio n (in million)

Annual growth of population (2001- 2010)

Density (per sq)

Sex (ratio)

Fertility Rate

Urbanisati on

India 1252 1 421 934 2 32

China 1357 0 145 929 1 53

Pakista n

182 1 236 947 3 38

Based on the data shown above, we can deduce that China has the largest population, closely followed by India. Pakistan's population is quite small, accounting for around one-tenth of that of China or India. China has the lowest population density and India has the greatest. China's one-child policy has slowed the country's population growth pace. Since society is biased against women and male dominated, the sex ratio is low in all three countries. Pakistan has the highest fertility rate and China has the lowest, whereas China has the highest degree of urbanization when compared to India and Pakistan.

  1. Compare and contrast India and China's sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate?

Ans:

Sectors Contribution to GDP in % (2003)

India China

Primary (agriculture) 23 15

Secondary (industry) 56 53

Tertiary (Service) 51 32

According to the above figures for India and China's sectoral contributions to GDP in 2003, agriculture contributed 15% to GDP in China while it contributed 23% to GDP in India. Manufacturing, on the other hand, provides the most to GDP in China, at 53 percent, while the service sector contributes the most in India, at roughly 51 percent. Economic expansion has resulted in a significant shift in the sectoral proportion of output and employment. The primary sector's proportion of overall output and employment is decreasing, while the secondary and tertiary sectors' share is increasing. This suggests that both the economic and social conditions are improving. China's experience is comparable to that of other industrialized countries throughout the world. According to the experience of industrialized countries, the secondary sector, followed by the tertiary sector, emerges as the major sectors of the economy. In comparison to China, India saw a direct shift from the primary to tertiary sectors. This is owing to the rapid integration of these two economies with the rest of the world's market economy.

  1. Mention the various indicators of human development.

Ans: Human development indicators include:

i. Expected Life Expectancy.

ii. Rate of Adult Literacy.

iv. Rate of Infant Mortality

prices. With the tremendous expansion in aggregate output in later years, the quantities sold in the market multiplied many times over.

  1. The changes also included the establishment of Special Economic Zones to attract international businesses and boost exports. As a result of the combined focus of all of these economic changes, China has experienced fast industrial expansion and economic development.

  2. Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China and Pakistan under three heads

  • One-child norm

  • Low fertility rate

  • High degree of urbanisation

  • Mixed economy

  • Very high fertility rate

  • Large population

  • High density of population

  • Growth due to manufacturing sector • Growth due to service sector

Ans:

  • One-child norm: China

  • Low fertility rate: China

  • High degree of urbanization: Pakistan and China

  • Mixed economy: India and Pakistan

  • Very high fertility rate: Pakistan

  • Large population: India and China

  • High density of population: India

  • Growth due to manufacturing sector: China

  • Growth due to service sector: India

  1. Give reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.

Ans: The following are the primary causes behind Pakistan's slow growth and re- emergence of poverty:

  1. Greater Dependence on Public Sector Enterprises: The fundamental reason for Pakistan's poor economic growth is the country's increased reliance on Public Sector Enterprises. Pakistan relied heavily on a protectionist policy, with the Public Sector Enterprises playing a prominent role. The operational inefficiencies of public-sector enterprises, as well as the misallocation of scarce resources, resulting in a sluggish economic growth rate.

  2. Traditional Agricultural Practices: Pakistan's agricultural practices were primarily reliant on traditional methods and the vagaries of climatic circumstances, resulting in low productivity. As a result, the agricultural industry was unable to thrive to the amount that was anticipated.

  3. Underdeveloped Manufacturing Sector: Remittances from Pakistani laborers in the Middle East and exports of highly volatile agricultural items accounted for the majority of Pakistan's foreign exchange revenues. This is one of the reasons behind the slowing economic growth. This is because the inflow of foreign cash in the form of remittances has replaced the necessity for the manufacturing sector to flourish in order to earn foreign exchange by exporting manufactured goods.

  4. Growing Reliance on Foreign Loans: There was a growing reliance on foreign loans to cover foreign exchange obligations. During the years of agricultural failure, Pakistan experienced increasing difficulties repaying these loans, as well as the mounting interest liabilities. Pakistan's economic growth potential has been hampered by the increasing burden of large foreign loans.

  5. Lack of Political Stability: The country's lack of political stability necessitated massive public expenditure to maintain law and order. This massive governmental expenditure depleted the country's economic resources.

farming, known as the Commune System, to ensure social stability in rural areas. Prior to the implementation of economic reforms, public investment in social infrastructure produced positive effects in China's human development metrics.

  1. (a) First Five Year Plan commenced in 1956. (Pakistan/China)

(b) Maternal mortality rate is high in. (China/Pakistan)

(c) Proportion of people below the poverty line is more in. (India/Pakistan)

(d) Reforms were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)

Ans: (a) Pakistan

(b) Pakistan

(c) India

(d) China

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Class 11 Indian Economic Development - Chapter 10

Course: Mathematics – Iii

39 Documents
Students shared 39 documents in this course

University: MATS University

Was this document helpful?
Class XI Social Science www.vedantu.com 1
NCERT Solutions for Class 11
Social Science - Indian Economic Development
Chapter 10 – Development Experiences of India:
A Comparison with Neighbours
1. Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Ans: Different nations throughout the world are motivated to form regional and
global economic groups such as SAARC, European Union, ASEAN, and others in
order to better grasp diverse means and plans for economic strengthening. Such
formations allow member countries to learn about the development methods and
policies used by other members. This allows them to assess their strengths and
weaknesses and, as a result, adopt strategies to expedite social growth and cultural
development among its member countries. Second, another key reason for the
formation of these associations is to maintain the member countries' peace and
stability. Furthermore, these organizations provide a common forum for people to
unite and speak out on shared issues in order to protect their common interests.
2. What are the various means by which countries are trying to strengthen
their own domestic economies?
Ans: The following are the different methods through which nations are attempting
to boost their domestic economies:
(i) To boost their economies, nations are joining numerous regional and economic
groups such as SAARC, the European Union, the G-8, the G-20, and ASEAN. These
organizations provide a shared forum for member countries to speak out on common
concerns in a cohesive voice in order to protect their common interests.
(ii) They are also interested in learning about the developmental processes used by
their neighboring countries in order to assess their own strengths and flaws. As a
result, they adopt strategies to enhance social and cultural growth among member
countries.

Students also viewed

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