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Class 11 Indian Economic Development - Chapter 9
Mathematics – Iii
MATS University
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NCERT Solutions for Class 11
Economics
Chapter 9 – Environment and Sustainable Development
- What is meant by environment?
Ans: Environment means everything around us, which affects the lives of people.
It's the sum total of the surroundings and resources that make up our existence and standard of living. Include Everything biotic and abiotic characteristics. Biological
factors include all living things such as plants, animals, forests, etc. whereas abiotic things include all non-living things like air, water, earth, etc. are provided naturally
free of cost. Both biotic and abiotic shape our environment and affect our appearance and quality of life. In other words, nature includes biotic and abiotic components and
their relationships.
- What does happen when the rate of resource extraction exceeds renews it?
Ans: The environment performs many functions, but its vital role in maintaining health carries much importance. Nature provides us with life-sustaining resources such as sunlight, soil, water, and the spirit. In delivering resources at a faster rate than its renewal, the management capacity of nature is declining, leading to failure in its health-support function. This leads to environmental problems, one of the most common problems facing almost every country in earth.
- Next edit for renewable and non-renewable resources
(i) Wood (ii) Fish (iii) Fuel (iv) Coal (v) Metal (vi) Water
Ans: Non-renewable resources are those non-combustible materials that cannot be refilled simply water, trees and fish are renewable resources. They are non- renewable resources that do not expire or are not in use. Nonrenewable are
petroleum, coal and iron resource. The speed of iteration of these resources is slower than that of exploitation.
- Two major environmental problems facing the world today and then.
Ans: The two major environmental issues facing the world today are global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. Global warming means global warming as a result of pollution and deforestation causes the release of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. One Earth's surface temperature rises as carbon dioxide levels rise, accelerating Snow melting in the white field. Sea level is rising due to this thus, disturbed ecosystems. There is an increase in natural disasters, which become a threat to human existence acts as ozone the earth's most important source of nutrients for life. It prevents harmful ultraviolet rays from entering the earth. But the decline will be a global concern these days. This is due to the overuse of cooling items in air conditioners and refrigerators. As ozone depletes, it is possible the ultra- violet radiation that enters the earth's surface is increasing, which is dangerous to the health of the earth.
- The following factors contribute to an environmental crisis in India and how? Did he put this problem in the government?
(i) Increasing number of people
(ii) air pollution
(iii) water pollution
(iv) Level of consumption of the rich (v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrial Establishments
(vii) urban migration
(viii) Reduction in forest area (ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming.
(vi) Industrial Establishment - Industrialisation improves our standard of living on one hand but, on the other hand, deforestation causes depletion of natural resources. Industrialisation acts as an impetus in the blind race to achieve economic development. Environmental resources are increasingly used to speed up the industrial process. More trees are being cut again, an increase in the amount of toxins from industries and pollutants are dumped into water bodies. All these findings are natural inequalities that threaten sustainable economic development. Therefore, the government should take steps to address the unnecessary and unnecessary industrial development to restore the environmental balance.
(vii) Urban migration - Urbanisation, on the other hand, affects the modern lifestyle but, on the other hand, leads to deforestation. To meet the growing demand for housing, more trees will be cut to reduce the individual rate. Moving to cities rapidly puts pressure on common resources, reducing them. Urban migration also reduces access to agricultural land and reduces agricultural outcomes. Therefore the government should take steps to reduce the impact of urban sprawl by promoting small and rural industries, developing of rural infrastructure, therefore reducing the migration of people from rural to urban areas. In addition, the government should promote deforestation and most importantly adopt measures to control human explosions.
(viii) Decrease in forest area - The need for deforestation or deforestation exists because of the increasing demand for land, timber, population growth and river systems. Deforestation causes deforestation, oxygen levels in the air, soil erosion, climate change and global warming. Due to the increase in CO2 level. Therefore, measures are needed to increase the forest, open shrines and open parks like Jim Corbett National Park.
(ix) Poaching – Poaching is the capture, killing and poaching of poaching. As a result, many animals are open in danger of extinction.
- What are natural functions?
Ans: Prakriti performs the following four energy functions:
- Providing Production Resources: Nature provides us with a wide range of resources like minerals, water and soil. These are natural gifts. These resources act
as a setting for turning natural resources into productive and viable resources. In other words, nature provides inputs that maximise human health.
Sustains Life: Nature provides us with vital elements like sun, soil, water and air which are essential for the survival of the fittest. The absence of these essential elements means lack of health. It supports biodiversity.
Waste Management Demonstration: Waste is generated from production and use activities. Nature automatically absorbs this waste as garbage.
Improving the quality of life: Nature includes areas such as rivers, seas, mountains and deserts. It provides amazing beauty to the human life.
Discuss the contribution of these six factors in land degradation in India.
Ans: Land degradation refers to the gradual but continuous loss of interest. This is a matter of major concern in the context of environmental problems in India. The following factors pays the role in land degradation in India:
Erosion: The removal of a layer of soil due to factors such as strong winds or floods is called erosion. The top layer of soil contains large and important nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As a result, the destruction of this layer damages the quality and productivity of the land.
a. Alkalinity and Soil Salt: Salt and alkalinity are caused by the problem of water logging. Water entering the top layer of soil absorbs all the nutrients present in the soil, reducing its fertility.
b. Deforestation: Due to the increasing number of people and their ever-increasing demand, a large number of destruction of forest cover. Reduced deforestation causes soil erosion in rotation causes climate change
c. Transitional Farming: The practice of subsistence farming and subsistence farming allows small and medium-sized farmers to replenish the nutrients of the soil, which is why breeding takes place.
d. Excessive use of fertilisers: Excessive use of chemical fertilisers, insecticides and reducing soil quality and fertility.
large amount of carbon dioxide which leads to globalization Therefore, the Government of India has encouraged the use of CNG and LPG. It's clean, environment- Friendly fuels emit less smoke.
II. Use of Solar and Wind Energy- India being a balanced country is advised by sunlight and wind energy. These are both free endless natural gifts. It solves the problem of economic development with the right focus with continuous development.
III. Reuse of recycled products and ban on plastic bags- Industrial and household debris accumulates daily. There is a need to improve the practice of recycling waste to save the environment household waste can be used as manure for organic farming. The latest step taken by the Government of India to stop the use of plastic bags. This is a good move as plastic bags are not easily damaged and get contaminated when reused.
IV. Pollution Taxes and Penalties- Government of India has taken several steps to control pollution. Some of the steps are general vehicle inspection, levying pollution tax on smoke emitting industries. These are the steps this comes with heavy fines and even arrests for offenders.
V. Using appropriate input technology, effective installation methods are designed not only to make the product productive again but also for efficient operation. Proper use of inputs, on the one hand, leads to less use of natural resources and, on the other hand, improves future economic growth prospects in India.
- India has many natural resources – confirms this statement.
Ans: North India is fortunate to have abundant natural resources. It is rich and fertile sand, many rivers and streams, lush green forests, deposits, mountains etc. The Gangetic plains are the most fertile, densely populated and cultivated plains in the world. The black soil of the Deccan plateau is ideal for growing cotton in the country. Indian lush green forests act as a natural cover for most of the people. India has a lot more than 20% of the global layers of steel resources. There are mountain peaks that make it easy demonstration of small hydro power plants. It also contains a wide variety of 15,000 plant species. Earth is also rich in minerals like coal, natural gas, copper, diamonds etc.
- Why is the environmental crisis a phenomenon? If yes, Discuss why?
Ans: Certainly, the environmental problem is very recent; never the spark of such devastation it appears in the past. Population growth in the first centuries before industrialisation was strong firmness. The demand for natural resources was much less than what was offered. The environment has supported the world's population in the past because resource levels were low. Also, the resource upgrade rate is higher than the level at which the resources were available exploitation. In other words, the threat of environmental crisis has not been realised in the past because the exploitation of natural resources was under the control of the environment. But, today, due to heavy industry, urban migration, man has started exploiting the environment completely. Nuclear waste and industrial waste water, land and air pollution affect the environment three times. At present the level of exploitation of natural resources is lagging behind the rate of rehabilitation of natural resources. As a result, increasing pressure on the carrying capacity of nature gives way to environmental problems.
- Give two examples of
(A) Excessive use of environmental resources
(B) Misuse of environmental resources.
Ans:
(a) overuse of environmental resources
I. Drying of rivers: increasing irrigation and creation of flood storage reservoirs are as follows due to which the rivers are drying up.
II. Second excessive deforestation: Increasing population and their ever-increasing demand is resulting in massive deforestation. This leads to soil erosion, which makes the soil barren.
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.
regeneration. That is, in other words, the demand for resources becomes less than the supply of resources. The exploitation of nature by man was within the absorption capacity of the environment. But by the population explosion and industrial revolution, the requirement for resources for both production and the distribution has grown very fast. However, their rate of regeneration resources are relatively less than the rate of their extraction. In other words, the rate of consumption (demand) of natural resources exceeds their supply. This is beyond the absorption capacity of the environment and has made the environmental crisis more probable. This reversal in the demand-supply relationship is known as the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.
- Account for the present environmental crisis.
Ans: Population explosion and affluent consumption have put undue and additional burden on the environment. Resources are depleting fast day by day, but the regeneration of the resource is stable. Therefore, when resources are extracted at a faster rate than their regeneration, So the carrying capacity of the environment is reduced. Currently there are two major global issues we are facing, namely as global warming and ozone depletion. Global warming is the result of rising temperatures globally due to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. An increase in temperature accelerates the melting of polar ice, leading to a rise in sea level. This creates an ecological imbalance. Ozone depletion is another major reason due to the excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in air conditioners as well as refrigerators. As the ozone layer depletes, it is possible that ultraviolet radiation can penetrate Earth's global warming, posing a threat to biodiversity. The final result of these two reports on the serious concern of environmental problems in modern times.
- Throw light on any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India's environmental problems present a dichotomy— they are driven by poverty and at the same time, because of the affluence in the standard of living. Is it true?
Ans: Two serious issues or consequences of development in India are land degradation and biodiversity loss. Developmental activities in India put immense pressure on natural resources and also affected human health and well being. Land
degradation: The gradual but continuous decrease in the fertility of the land is called land degradation. It is emerging as a serious concern in the context of environmental issues in India. Following below are the factors that pays the contribution to land degradation in India:
a. Soil Erosion: The removal of the top layer of soil due to strong winds or floods is called soil erosion. This top layer of soil carries key nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium which are essential for plant growth. Therefore destruction of this layer reduces the productivity of the land.
b. Soil alkalinity and salinity: Salinity and alkalinity are caused by water problem the water stored on the top layer of the logging soil absorbs all the nutrients present in the soil. Due to which the fertility of the land is getting depleted.
c. Deforestation: Due to increasing population and their ever increasing demand, there is destruction of forests on a large scale. Removal of forest cover affects the ecological balance by reducing the level of oxygen in the air. This causes an increase in pollutants various health hazards.
d. Shifted farming: The practice of shifting cultivation along with subsistence farming carried out by small and marginal farmers resulted in the replenishment of soil nutrients and fertility. Environmental problems point to a contradictory situation in the country. Deforestation in India is a rapid result of population explosion and widespread poverty. Poor people in rural areas are forced to fall trees to earn their livelihood. Growing demand equally responsible for the current environmental degradation is the loss of natural resources for carrying out production activities in urban areas. There are two different views on the outcome of environmental activities. Another idea promotes India's prosperity through industrial production, and another sheds light on the danger of pollution caused by speed. A growing industrial sector. This is understandable in view of rapid urban development, the expansion of vehicles creates noise and air pollution.
- What is sustainable development?
Ans: To meet the basic needs of everything that requires the allocation of a burden of our resources. However, it is well known that when the resources-(unavailable) are fully utilised it will be exhausted so quickly that it will not be able to meet the
unit. This efficient use of natural resources leads to less exploitation of natural resources.
- Explain the importance of generation equality in the definition of sustainability development.
Ans: We have a moral obligation to meet the basic requirements of all resource allocation. It becomes an obligation to pass the earth on to the next generation in a positive way. However, it is known that if (non-recoverable) resources are fully utilized, it will be depleted very quickly that it will reduce the productive capacity of future generations. Thus the economic growth achieved today cannot be supported unless the production capacity for future generations is reduced by the scarcity of production resources. Therefore, sustainable development is the process of economic development that aims to meet the needs of the present generation without including the needs of future generations. Sustainable development enhances the well being of those present and future generations. This development does not mean looking at the current pace of economic development. It means smart or optimal use of resources in such a way that economic development continues at a crossroads between generations.
Class 11 Indian Economic Development - Chapter 9
Course: Mathematics – Iii
University: MATS University
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- More from:Mathematics – IiiMATS University39 Documents
