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Pharmacognosy-table - pharmacognosy

pharmacognosy
Course

Bachelor of Pharmcy (B. Pharm)

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Academic year: 2022/2023
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[A] LAXATIVES Created By:-Aakash Naik DCP-

DEFINATION:-Which the loose bowels (Intestine) or the drug promote difection (push out the excreta from the body through the anu

Sr. Drug Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 ALOE Musabhar,korp Dried juice of the leaves of Barbaloin,Aloe emo Irritant,cosmatics 1)Schoenteten's reaction

had,aloe aloe barbadensis miller. din,Resin cinnamic applied for pain 2)klunge's test

Family-Lillaceae acid 3)Modified Borntrager test

2 RHUBARB Rheum,Rhizome Its consist of Rhizome of Rhein,aloe-emodin, Mild purgative stoma- 1)Adsition of ammonia,

Rhem,Rhubarb- Rhume palmatum linn Chrusophanol cinn- yic,Astringent pink colour.

Rhizome Family-polygonaceae mic acid,physicon ga- 2)Borntrager's test

llic acid,calcium oxa-

late,Rhein acids

3 CASTOR OIL Oleum Ricini The fixed oil obtained by Ricinolic acid,linolic, Paints,varnishes,

the cold expression of Strearic,Isostearic ac- emollient used in

Ricinus communis. id

Family-Eupherbiaceae

4 ISAPAGHULA Isapgol,Isabgol Dried seeds of plantago Pentosan,aldobionic Paints,varnishes,em-

ovata acid,mucilage ollient used in hair

Family-Plantaginaceae oil

5 SENNA Indian senna, Dried Leaflets of cassia Laxative,Irritant, Borntrager test

LEAVES Tineevelly,senna angustifolia Pentosan,aldobionic purgative

Family-Leguminosae acid,mucilage

[B] CARDIOTONICS

DEFINATION-Are the drug which give strenght or energy to the activity of heart Eg,Arjuna

Sr. Drugs Synonymes B./Family C. Uses C.

1 DIGITALIS Foxgloves leaves, Dried Leaves of Digitalis Purpurea glycoside Cardiotonic,used in Killer Killani Test

Digitalis leaves purpurea A&B,Digitonin,Sapo- CCF (Congestive card-

Family-Scrophulariaceae nin glycosides,gitonin iac Failure

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

2 ARJUNA Arjuna Bark Dried stem bark of 15% tannins arjunolic Cardiotonic diuretic

Termunalia arjuna acid,allagic acid

Family-Combretaceae

[c] CARMINATIVE AND GASTRO-INSTINAL REGULATORS

DEFINATION:-The soothing medicament thet act by reliving pain in the stomach and intestine and axel gas form G.I

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 CARDAMON Elaichi,Cardamon Dried ripe fruits of Cineol,borneol,terpy- Carminative,aromstic

Fruit elattaria cardamomum nyl,acetate stumulant,flavouring

Family-Zingiberaceae fixed iol starch agent

2 CORIANDER Coriander fruits Dried ripe fruits of Corian - Corindrol,Terpenes, aromatic,carminative

dhane,dhania drum sativam linn fixed oil,proteins lin- stimulant,flevouring

Family-Umbelliferae alool,L-borneol,gera- agent,spicy food

niol,vit. A

3 FENNEL Badishep,fennel Dried ripe fruit of foenicu - Fenchone anthol Carminative,aromstic

fruit lum vulgare miller limonene,miisic resiratory stimulant,

Family-Umbelliferae aldehyde flevouring agent,

aromatic,

4 GINGER Adark, zingiber It consist Rhizome of zin- Gingiberene,gingi- carminative,stimulnt,

giber officinale berol,shogaol,cineol flevouring agent,

Family-Zingiberaceae citral,borneol,terpen aromatic used in

es mouth wash

5 ASAFOETIDA Hing,gum, oleo-gum resin and cansist Asaresino-tannol, carminative nerve to-

asafoetida of rhizomes and root of umbellifer-one, nic,flevouring agent,

ferula foetida pinene terpenes antestinal antiseptic,

Family-Umbelliferae veterinery medicine

2 GAMBHIR Pale catechu Dried aq prepared Catechutannic acid, Astringent 1)Vanilin test

CATECHU from the leaves of uncaria catechin,catechu red, 2)Match-stick test

gambier. gum,ganbirfluorescin 3)Gambier flurescin

Family-Rubiaceae

[E] DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 HYOCYAMUS Hyoscymus herb, Dried Leaves and flowering I-hysocyamine,hyso- Sedative,expectorant,

Henbane tops of hyscyamus niger lin scine,atropine, antispasmodic,

Family-Solanceae alkaloids,lamina, anti-asthmatic

tropine

2 DATURA Datura herb, Dried leaves and flowering Hyoscine,I-hyosoya- Antispasmodic,treat 1)Vitali morin

dhotara,dhatura tops of datura metal variet mine,atropine, the duadenal and 2)Silver nitrate

Family-Solanceae scopolamine. gastric ulcer

3 ACONITE Aconite root Dried root of aconite Aconitine aconine, Analgesic,cardiac

Monkhood napellus linn. neopelline,neoline, depresent,to treat

Family-Ramumculaceae benzoyl aconin rheumastic

4 ASHWAGAN- Withania roots, Dried roots stem bases on Tropine,anaferin, Hypotensive,

DHA asgand, withania somnifera Withasomnine, depresent,antispasm-

Aswagandha Family-Solanceae vasamine odic,antitumor

5 EPHEDRA Ma-Haung Dried young sten of Ephedrine,I-methyl Used in relief of

Ephedra gerardiana ephedrine,dimethyl asthma,high fever,

Family-Gnetaceae ephedrine Whooping cough

sympathomimetic

6 OPIUN Raw opiun Dried latex obtained from Morphine,codeine, Analgesic,hypnotic,

of the plant,papaver noscopine,narcotine, narcotic,expectorant,

somniferum linn papaverine bronchitis diaphoretic

Family-papaveraceae

7 CANNABIS Cannabis indica, Dried flowering tops of Resin,cannabinol, Narcotic,sedative,

ganja cannabis sativa linn trigonelline,choline Analgesic,causes

Family-cannabinaceae intoxication

Sr,No. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

8 NUX-VOMICA Crow-fig,Semen Dried rip seeds of indol alkaloids,strchin tonic,stimulant

strychini,nux- strychnos nux-vomica linn bruchine Strychinine

vomica seed Family-Loganiaceae

[F] ANTIHYPERTENSIVES

DEFINATION:The medicaments given in the treatment of high blood pressure are known as antihypertensive drugs eg

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 RAUWOLFIA Rauwolfia root, Dried root of the plant Reserpine,resinnam- reserpine used as tra-

Chhotachand, Rauwolfia serpentina. ine,ajmaline,rauwol- nquillizer,antihypert-

Snake-root Family-Apocynaceae finine ensive

[G] ANTI-TUSSIVES

DEFINATION:-Are the agent which act upon the pulmonary menbranes thet hasten or alter expectoration.eg leaves,Tulsi,Tolu balsam

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 VASAKA Adhatoda Dried as well as fresh lea- Anti-tussive,volatile used to treat cold,

LEAVES ves of the plant Adhatoda oil,adhatodic acid, cough,whooping cough

vasica nees vitamin-C asthama

Family-Acanthaceae

2 TULSI Sacred basil,Holy Fresh and dried leaves of Volatile oil,Methyle- Antibacterial,insecti-

basil Ocimum Sanctum linn ugenol,carvocrol cidial,antiprozoal,

Family-Labiatae diaphoretic

3 TOLU Balsam of tolu Solid or semi solid balsam Benzoic acid,quanti- flovouring agent,

BALSAM obtained from the trunk of ties of vanilline,styrol chewing gum,antise-

Myroxylon Balsamum ptic

[J] ANTITUMOUR DRUGS

DEFINATION:-Drugs are used in the treatment of cancer

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 VINCA Catharanthus, Dried whole plant of glycosides,alkaloids treatment of leukae-

vinca rosea, Catharanthus roseus mia,treatment of gen-

periwinkle Family-Apocynaceae eralised hodgkin's and

antidiabetic activity

[K] ANTIDIABETICS

DEFINATION:-The substances used in treatment of diabetics are known as antidiabetics

Sr. Drugs Synonym B./Family C. Uses C.

1 GYMNEMA Gudmar,Madhu The leaves of the plant Hentriacontane,pent- use as a antidiabetics,

nashini known as Gymnema sylves - riacontane,phytine, stimulant,laxative and

tre formic acid,tartaric ac- diuretic

Family-Asclepiadaceae id,gymneric acid

2 PTEROCAR- Bijasal,Indian kin Dried juice of the plant Kinotannic acid,pyro-

PUS tree,asana,rakta- Pterocarpus marupium catechin,resin,gallic

chandan Family-Leguminosae acid

[L] DIURETICS

DEFINATION:-Diureticsare the drugs which increase the flow of urine

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 GOKHRU Puncture vine Dried fully ripen fruit of alkaloid harmine and used as a diuretics,

the plant tribulus terrestris harman,gitogenin, tonic,treatment of

linn chlorogenin and calculous affection and

Family-Zyngophyllaceae0 ruscogenin painful micturition

2 PUNARNAVA Rakta punarnava, Dried herb known as Punarnavine,

Hog weed,punar- Boerhaavia difussa potassium nitrate,

nava Family- ursolic acid

[M] ANTIDYSENTERICS

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 IPECACUA- Ipecac Dried roots or the rhizomes Ipecacuanhic acid, used as an emetic in

NHA and roots of cephaelis glycoside ipecacuan- the form of syrup,

ipecacuanha hin,emetamine treatment of amoebic

Family-Rubiaceae dysentry

[O] ANTIMALARIALS

DEFINATION:-These are the drugs which are used in prophylaxis or treatment of malaria.

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 CINCHONA Jesuit's bark, Dried bark of cultivated stem bark cantain antimalarial and

peruvian bark tree of cinchona calisaya quinin,seeds and oth- antipyretic,used in

Family-Rubiaceae er parts cantain alka- rheumatism and

oids. neuralgia

[P] OXYTOCICS

DEFINATION:-These are the drugs which have stimulant effects on the motility of the uterus.

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 ERGOT Ergot of rye, Dried sclerotium of a fungus active alkaloids are labour to assist delive-

ergota Claviceps purpurea laevorotatory, ry and reduce post-

Family-Hypocreaceae lysergic acid or iso- partum haemorrhage,

lysergic acid treatment of migraine

[Q] VITAMINS

DEFINATION:-These are the substance which are considered to be essential for the maintanance of normal metabolic functions.

Sr. Drugs Synonym B./Family C. Uses C.

1 SHARK LIVER Oleum selachoids Fix oil obtained from the Vitamin A,glycerides deficiency of vit. A

OIL fresh and carefully preser- of saturated,unsatu- antixerophthalmic

ved liver of various species rated fatty acids used in burn and

of shark,mainly Hypoprion sunburn ointments

brevirostris

Family-

2 AMLA Emblica,indian Dried fresh food of the Vit. C,phosphorous, Largely used in indian

goose berry, plant Emblica officinalis iron,calcium medicine,preparation

embelic myroba- Family-Euphorbiaceae of inks,hair oil,shampoo

lam seed of the fruit given

in treatment of

asthama and bronchi-

tis

[S] PERFUMES AND FLAVOURS

PERFUMES:-The perfumes derived from animal sources slow down evaporation of perfumes oil and make the fragrances long

lasting,because of which they are called as fixatives.

FLAVOURING AGENT:-The flavouring agent used in medicines have no theropatic advantage but,they certainly have a

psychological importance.

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 PEPPERMINT Oleum mentha Vlatile oil obtained by dis- Carminative,stimulant

OIL piperita tillation of the fresh flowe- aromatic,counter-irri-

ring tops of the plants tant and flavouring

Mentha piperita linn. agent,used in tooth-

Family-Labiatae paste,shaving creams,

cigarettes.

2 SANDAL Yellow sandal Dried heartwood of Two isomeric sesqu- Source of sandal wood

WOOD wood,lignum sa- Santalum album linn. iterpene alchohol, symptomatic treatme-

ntali Family-Santalaceae aldehyde santalal, nt of dysurea-

santene,santenone cture of boxes

3 LEMON OIL The fresh peel of the ripe Lemonene,citral Flavouring agent and

or nearly ripe fruits of in perfumery-

Citrus-limonis ration of terepeneless

Family-Rutaccae lemon oil.

4 ORANGE OIL Sweet orange oil, Fresh orange peels of (+) Limonene,cetro- Flavouring agent and

Oleum Auranti sweet orange Citrus- nellal,citral and deca- preparation of tere-

sinensis nal. peneless orange oil

Family-Rutaccae

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

5 LEMON GRA- East indian lemon Stem distillation from the citral,nerol and gera- Flavouring agent and

SS OIL Grass oil leaves and aerial parts of niol perfumeri of

the plants Cymbopogon citral,synthesis of vit.

Flexuousus,cymbopogon A

citrates.

Family-Graminae

[U] MISCELLANEOUS NATURAL DRUGS

Sr. Drugs Synonym B./Family C. Uses C.

1 LIQUORICE Liquorice root, Dried peeled or unpeeled glycyrrhizin,flavon used as demulcent and

Glycyrrhiza,mule- roots and stolons of the glycoside,liquiritin mild expectorant

thi plant Glycyrrhiza glabra linn glucose,resins,aspar- as a sweetening agent

Family-Leguminosae agine and flavouring agent

2 PICRORRHIZA Indian gentian, Dried rhizome of the plant picroside I,picroside Valuable bitter tonic,

kutki Picrorrhiza kurroa II,kutkoside antiperiodic,febrifuge,

Family-scrophulariaceae stomachi

of jaundice

3 LINSEED OIL Fixed oil obtained from the glycerides of palmitic, used in treatment of

Dried fully ripe seeds of stearic,oleic,linoleic scabies and other skin

Linum usitatissimum linn and linolenic acid. diseases along with

Family-Linaceae linamarin sulphar

of soap,greases,poly-

mers.

[T] PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS

DEFINATION:-The substances which are of little or no theropeutic value,but are assentially used in manufacture or

compounding of various pharmaceuticals are known as pharmaceutical aids.

Sr Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 ACACIA (IND- Gum acacia, Dried gummy exudation L-rhamnose,D-galac- Suspending agent,

IAN GUM) Gum arabic. obtained from the stem tose and D-Glucuronic emulsifying agent

and bramches of Acacia acid.

arabica wild

Family-Leguminosae

2 GUAR GUM Guar flour,jaguar Guar gum is the powder hydro-colloidal poly- used as a protective

gum of the endosperm of seeds sacchride colloid,a binding and

of Cyamopsis tetragonolo - disintegrating agent,

bus linn. bulk laxative,paper

Family-Leguminosae manufacturing

3 HONEY Madhu,Honey Sugar secretion deposites Maltose,gum,dextrin Demulcent and swee-

purified,mel in honey comb by the bees, and formic acid- tening agent,prepara-

Apis mellifica se,fructose tion of cream,lotions,

Family-Hymenoptera soft drink and candies

4 STARCH Amylum Polysaccharide granules Amylose (B-amylose) used as a protective

obtained from the grains amylopectin. and absorbent,used

of maize (zeamays linn) in preparation of dusting

rice (Oryza sative linn); or talcum powder,manu-

wheat (triticum aestivum ) facture of liquid glucose

Family-Gramineae

tubers of potato (solanum

tuberosum)

Family-Solanaceae

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

5 TRAGACANTH Gum tragacanth; Dried gummy exudation Basssorin,tragacanth- used as a demulant

Tragacantha obtained by making incisio- ic acid,galacturonic and an emollient in

n on stem and branches of acid cosmetics.

Astragalus gummifer

Family-Leguminosae

6 AGAR Agar-agar,Japan- Dried gelatinous substance agarose and agarope- used as an emulsifyin

ese-Isinglass obtained from Gelidium ctin agent and bulk laxa-

amansii tive,preparation of

Family-Rhodaphyceae jellies,confectionery

items

7 ARACHIS OIL Ground-nut oil, Fixed oil expressed from Oleic acid,palmitic Solvent for intramus-

peanut oil,sweet the seed kernels of the acid,linoleic acid cular,resembles to

oil cultivated varieties of olive oil,preparation

Arachis hypogea linn of liniments

Family-Leguminosae

8 OLIVE OIL Oleum olivae Fixed oil expressed from triglycerides maily in emollient and soothing

the ripe fruit of Olea the form of olein, agent for inflammed

europoea linne palmtin and linolein surfaces,used as an

Family-Oleaceae ingredient of ear wax.

9 HYDROUS Lanolin,Adeps purified fat-like substance carnaubic,oleic, used as water absor-

WOOL FAT lanae obtained from the wool of myristic,palmitic bable ointment base.

(LANOLIN) the sheep Ovis aries linn

Family-Bovidae

10 YELLOW Beeswax;cera- purified wax and obtained cerotic acid,melissic preparation of ointm-

BEESWAX flava from honey-comb of the acid ents,plasters and

bees Apis dorsata. polishes,manufacture

Family-Apidae of candles

SURGICAL FIBRES

(A) Plant fibres-Jute,flax,banana,cotton,hemp

(B) Animal fibres-Silk,wool

[C] Regenerated and synthetic fibres:-

(1) Fibres regenerated from carbohydrate materials-

Alginate yarn,artificial silk or rayon or regenerated cellulose

(2) Fibres regenerated from protein materials-

Aridil from groundnut protein and fibrolin from milk casein

(3) Synthetic-Nylon,terylene,orlon

(D) Mineral fibres-Glass,asbestos

[A] PLANT FIBRES

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

1 COTTON Cotton wool, Epidermal trichomes or Cellulose used as a filtering

purified cotton, hairs of the seed cultiveted medium and in surgical

Absorbent cotton, species of the Gossypium dressing as an

Surgical cotton (Gossypium herbaceum, insulating material

Gossypium barbadense)

Family-Malvaceae

Sr. Drugs Synonyme B./Family C. Uses C.

2 JUTE Gunny phloem fibres of the stem Cellulose,hemicellu- manufacture of tows,

bark of various apecies of lose,lignin padding splints,

the Corchorus (Corchorus preparation of coarse

olitorius and Corchorus bags

capsularis linn)

Family-Tiliaceae

3 HEMP Pericyclic fibres of the cellulose, Pharmaceutically for

plant known as Cannabis course filteration and

sativa is less important

Family-Cannabinaceae

4 FLAX Pericyclic fibres obtained pecto-cellulose used in the manufactu

from the stem of the plant re of lint,preparation

Linum usitatissimum of rugs

Family-Linaceae

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Pharmacognosy-table - pharmacognosy

Course: Bachelor of Pharmcy (B. Pharm)

70 Documents
Students shared 70 documents in this course

University: Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

Was this document helpful?
[A] LAXATIVES Created By:-Aakash Naik DCP-1
DEFINATION:-Which the loose bowels (Intestine) or the drug promote difection (push out the excreta from the body through the anu
Sr.no. Drug Synonyme B.S./Family C.C. Uses C.T.
1 ALOE Musabhar,korp Dried juice of the leaves of Barbaloin,Aloe emo Irritant,cosmatics 1)Schoenteten's reaction
had,aloe aloe barbadensis miller. din,Resin cinnamic applied for pain 2)klunge's test
Family-Lillaceae acid 3)Modified Borntrager test
2 RHUBARB Rheum,Rhizome Its consist of Rhizome of Rhein,aloe-emodin, Mild purgative stoma- 1)Adsition of ammonia,
Rhem,Rhubarb- Rhume palmatum linn Chrusophanol cinn- yic,Astringent pink colour.
Rhizome Family-polygonaceae mic acid,physicon ga- 2)Borntrager's test
llic acid,calcium oxa-
late,Rhein acids
3 CASTOR OIL Oleum Ricini The fixed oil obtained by Ricinolic acid,linolic, Paints,varnishes,
the cold expression of Strearic,Isostearic ac- emollient used in
Ricinus communis. id
Family-Eupherbiaceae
4 ISAPAGHULA Isapgol,Isabgol Dried seeds of plantago Pentosan,aldobionic Paints,varnishes,em-
ovata acid,mucilage ollient used in hair
Family-Plantaginaceae oil
5 SENNA Indian senna, Dried Leaflets of cassia Laxative,Irritant, Borntrager test
LEAVES Tineevelly,senna angustifolia Pentosan,aldobionic purgative
Family-Leguminosae acid,mucilage
[B] CARDIOTONICS
DEFINATION-Are the drug which give strenght or energy to the activity of heart Eg.Digitalis,Arjuna
Sr.No. Drugs Synonymes B.S./Family C.C. Uses C.T.
1 DIGITALIS Foxgloves leaves, Dried Leaves of Digitalis Purpurea glycoside Cardiotonic,used in Killer Killani Test
Digitalis leaves purpurea A&B,Digitonin,Sapo- CCF (Congestive card-
Family-Scrophulariaceae nin glycosides,gitonin iac Failure
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