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1. Types of C Communication for English
English Communication (AECC-1)
University of Delhi
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####### CHAPTER
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Introduction
Communication is an essential part of human life. We constantly keep on sending messages to different persons in different ways. Sometimes we convey a message by speaking, and sometimes by writing; but sometimes we do not use words to convey the message, rather communicate it through body movement(s) or using a picture, drawing, colour, etc. We cannot convey messages in the same way all the time. We use different ways in different
situations. Keeping in view, the communication can be:
Verbal communication
Non-verbal communication
Visual communication
Formal communication Informal communication
2 I English Communication
2 Verbal Communication
Verbal means 'expressed through words'. The communication with the help of words is called Verbal Communication. These words can b~ taken from some language. All the formal com. munication is·carried out through d. words which. can. be , spoken as well as written. It can fu ther be divided into oral an wntten commumcation. Spoken communication' or th cormmunication 'employing speech' i~ known as O~al Communication, whereas th: communication through written words 1s known as Wntten Communication. Both are the components of verbal communication. Language is an essential requirement for both. Features of Verbal Communication Verbal communication is organized, structured and easy to study. It is carried out through words. Symbols of verbal communication are universal. Verbal communication facilitates formal communication. The message has legal validity and can be preserved for future reference.
1(1.~~tify:which of the following actions is/are the example(s) of verlial c6mm~rucation.: 1 -. A teacher is delivering lecture to the students.
- You are looking at a picture on the wall.
- A man is groaning.
- The ringing of bell.
- • You are reading a newspaper.
2.1 Oral Communication
Oral communication means 'transmission of message through spoken words'. In this type of communication, the sender and the receiver exchange their ideas, feelings, emotions, th0ughts or information through speaking and listening channel. There can be two or more persons involved in the process who transmit the message through spoken words. The speaker th makes use of some precise and distinct sounds, and the receiver hears and decodes em to understand the meaning of communicated words, phrases and sentences. They can dos~ either through face-to-face interaction or with the help of some mechanical or electromc device.
Face-to-face It. oral · commumcat10n.. is the most recognized form of h uman comm unication. h requires the p resence o f b oth, the speaker and the listener, at the same t· ime and at t e
d
2 I
English Cornrnu.. for future reference. F ur th ermore, ora 1 messages cann t b. nication time... o e retained for a 1 ong Presence of both, the speaker and the listener, at the same t·. requirement o f ora 1 commumca.. t· 10n. ime, is an es sential. Fraction of inattentiveness can result in loss of receiving im t. which can cause misun d erstan d. mg. M oreover, the listener(s) ne por d ant inform a t' Ion quickly because t~e message 1s. uttere d once. e s to compreh en d
2 .l Written Communication
Written communication refers to 'the transmission of message through writt.
..... en or printed
symbols'. It is the act of wntmg, typmg or pnntmg symbols, like letters and numbers to
a message. n_formation is_ exchange_d in writing ~ith documentary proof. It is essen~~~;:
creative activity ~nd reqmres cosc1ous efort. It 1s carefully thought out. The writer makes
use of som_e stationery or material to wnte the message, and the receiver understands the
meming of communicated symbols through reading and decoding process. It can be used in
informal as well as formal situations. Written communication is transmitted through words
in the form of books, magazines, letters, pamphlets, memos, manuals, e-mails, etc. it can be
used as an evidence because the person cannot deny whatever s/he has written.
Advantages of Written Communication_ Written communication has following advantages: It is suitable for lengthy messages. All kinds of information can be conveyed through written ~ommunication. It has advantage of being accurate and unambiguous. Presence of both, the sender and the receiver, at the same time, is not necessary.
It is useful to send a message at different places in one go. It develops better understanding of the message because the receiver can take time to comprehend the meaning of message. The message can be read repeatedly as many as times the reader wants. S/he can also read the message at a convenient time. It has legal validity and can be used as evidence. Even the responsibility of mistake can be fixed easily.
The writer can think, analyse and take time to put the message in.
Reading has a long lasting impact on the reader.
Limitations
Written comm.. umcation has following limitations: It re · quires huge amount of paper work.
>
'11 pes of Communication I 2.
,y. tly means of communication as a lot of time and money i·s It 1s a cos. spent on the drafting and circulat10n of a message.
It is a time-consuming activity that requires long practice and patience in learning. It lacks flexibility, as once written and sent cannot be changed easily. Most times, immediate feedback is not possible. It lacks personal touch between the reader and the writer. Non-verbal cues cannot be used in this type of communication. It is unfit for uneducated person(s).
2 Non-verbal Communication
J.ction speaks louder than words'. Sometimes words fail to convey essence" of the message, but actions, facial expressions, gestures and body movements make the meaning clear. Many- a-times expressions appear unintentionally and enhance the effectiveness of communication. The communication, without use of words, is termed as Non-verbal Communication. It includes the sending and receiving of wordless messages. Spoken or written words are not used in this type of communication. It is the process of conveying a message without use of verbal language. It helps in making a message clear, effective and forceful. 'Dumb Charades' is an example of non-verbal communication.
It is an ancient form of communication and existed much before the development of language. Gestures, signals, postures, facial expressions, body language and sign language are some of the components of non-verbal communication. Other than these, tone, pace and pitch of voice also contribute to the meaning of a message. It is generally unplanned, but has more impact than verbal communication. It often goes 'along with oral communication. If used appropriately, both of them supplement and complement to each other. This form of communication also helps to communicate with a deaf and dumb, an uneducated or intellectually retarded person, or the person not knowing sender's language. Non-verbal means can be auditory as well as visual. Bells, whistles, horns are auditory means whereas signs, signals and pictures are visual means.
Features of Non-verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is free from written or oral words. The message is conveyed through signs, signals, postures, gestures, body movements, etc. It does not require any language. An illiterate person can also communicate with the help of non-verbal means. It helps to know the mood, attitude, feelings, likes or dislikes of a person.
_ ifCornrnunication Typeso V . ual Communication zJ IS
I 2.
. Chinese proverb: ''A picture is worth a thousand words". A picture k T oncrete here is. pression 1m a on the mm. d f o an. m d' ivi. d ua 1 an d. ma k es the meaning clear. S ome ma t· imes es a
c ictures are used to convey a mssage, and soetimes they are used along with written
only p t Pictures enhance the effectiveness of written content.
conten •
VisU al Communication is the act of sending 1 a message. through. visuals ' like photogr ap h s,
drawings, sketches, charts, graphs, maps, co our, visual signs, or so. These visuals reinforce
verbal communicatio an_d help to make a pomt. They help the viewer to consume the
idea(s) and information m a better way. They are often used as an aid during formal
resentations to provide the context alongside the written content. They are called visual
~ids which help the speaker to remember important points, give the audience something to
look at, and convey the message in an effective manner.
2 Formal Communication
The communication for official purpose is known as Formal Communication. It conforms to the prescribed professional rules, policies, procedures, standards and regulations. It follows a proper predefined channel which is determined and controlled by some official(s). The style and functioning of communication is quite formal. It flows along the different hierarchical levels of an organization. It generally takes place between two or among more than two designations.
Features of Formal Communication Formal communication is official. It is carefully thought out, planned, organized and structured. It carries formal messages which have accuracy and authenticity. It consists of work related matters. It is systematic and flows in fixed directions.
2 Informal Communication
The communication that is not official is known as Informal Communication. It consiSts
of the ideas and information resulting from social interaction. Any person can communicate
with another person regardless of rank, position or status. It is free from all kids of
formalities. It is completely based on informal relations of the sender and the receiver.
exists on a larger scale side by side with formal communication. It is spontaneus _an
1
c 11 d. th. kind of commumcation.
unp anned. No rules and regulations are 10 owe m is. 'bl
I ni ormation c does not flow in a designated d ' irection,. ra th er ca n flow m every poss1 e
direction. In addition, the information can or cannot be true.
2 1 English Communication
Features of Informal Communication Informal communication is based on personal interaction. It carries informal messages. It is a fast moving process. The message reaches to the receiver within no time. It carries informal messages which have no legal validity. The message can or cannot be accurate. It is even difficult to find the origin of an informal message sometimes. It can flow in every possible direction. To conclude, communication is the sum total of all the types. All of them supplement and compliment to each other. However they contain different forms, but support each other. The sender uses them as per the requirement and demand of situation.
/ rest Your I(nowledge I
- What are the components of verbal communication?
- Why is verbal communication unfit for an illiterate person?
- Why is visual communication useless to a blind person?
- What is the difference b_etween formal and informal communication?
- What' is the differenh between verbal and non-verbal com~nication?
Exercise
Read the given story and answer the questions that follow:
, In a town near a metropolitan city, there once lived a police constable by the name of Francis. lj:e
was quite efficient and known for-his honesty. One day, he was returning home after perforniing -
his duty. Twilight had already begun to fall. He was tired. On the way, he sat down on the bank pf
the river that flowed through the town, took off his shoes, and started to smoke a cigarette. Suddenly
saw a uniformed personnel crouching beside him. He inquired who he was. The man .;eplid,
Im so weary. You don't know me. I have come for some work here. But I know, you. .¥ou are.
Francis. You are a police constable of good reputati<?n," "
Francis looked at the man with perplexed face. He asked him his motive. The man said, 1 Tm the ·
Head Constable of the God of]ustice and enjoy a good reputation in my world. As both .ot"us
sare common characteristics, I'd like to enter into a bond of brotherhood with you." H,e c!Sked
1 s a at terrorist actu~lly had H h k'brought ll d him there. The man said - ' "In your town there lives a priest. Actually he
God,,. F ranc1s ,' was e curious as 1 e to hundreds kn h. of th innocent people. I have been asked h to drag 'd his «v soul '-l to
ow t e o er particulars of the priest, butt e man sa1 , rouu see
1. Types of C Communication for English
Course: English Communication (AECC-1)
University: University of Delhi
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