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UHV2 Final - hi mhjghxgzdf fgfdhfvdvfdgvd
Software Engineering (CS530)
Visvesvaraya Technological University
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Chapter 1: Plantation and adoption of a tree 1 Tree Planting 1 Environmental Benefits of Trees 1 Measures to conserve forests and wildlife 1 Tulsi Plant 1 Botanical information of Tulsi Plant 1 Environmental Benefits of Tulsi Plant 1 General Benefits of Tulsi Plant
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Chapter 2: Heritage Walk and Crafts Corner 2 Introduction 2 Structures list 2 Hungarcutta Bansaale Mane- 2 Museum of Folk Deities 2 Veera Shaiva Jungama Mutt 2 Peshwa wada 2 Miyar House- 2 Clay Karts
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Chapter 3: Organic Farming and Waste Management 3 Abstract 3 Organic Farming 3 Benefits of Organic Farming 3 Suitability to Different Crops 3 Limitations of Organic Farming 3 Importance of Wet-Waste Management 3 Technologies used for Waste Management 3 Government Initiatives 3 Details of Activity
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Chapter 4: Water Conservation 34- 4 Abstract 4 Goals of Water Conservation
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4 Strategies of Water Conservation 4 Government Initiatives 4 Rain-water Harvesting and its Benefits 4 Improving Water Management 4 Public Education and Awareness 4 Key-Activities to Conserve Water 4 Details of Activity
Chapter 5: Food Walk 45-
5 5 5 Health Benifits 5. 4Kosambari 5 5 of swad sadana
Conclusion 52
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure Figure Name Page No. Figure 1 Picture with Tulsi Plant 9
Figure 2 Hasta Shilpa 10 Figure 2 Hungarcutta Bansaale Mane-1825 12 Figure 2 Museum of Folk Deities 13 Figure 2 Veera Shaiva Jungama Mutt 14 Figure 2 Peshwa Wada 15 Figure 2 Miyar House-1856 16 Figure 2 Claypots 17 Figure 2 Clay Utensils 18 Figure 2 Clay Arts 19-
CHAPTER 1: PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE
1 PLANTING
1 -A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO ITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE.
Tree-planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purpose. It differs from the transplantation of larger trees in arboriculture, and from the lower cost but slower and less reliable distribution of tree seeds. Trees contribute to their environment over long periods of time by providing oxygen, improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife. During the process of photosynthesis, trees take in carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen we breathe. In silviculture the activity is known as reforestation, or afforestation, depending on whether the area being planted has or has not recently been forested. It involves planting seedlings over an area of land where the forest has been harvested or damaged by fire, disease or human activity. Tree planting is carried out in many different parts of the world, and strategies may differ widely across nations and regions and among individual reforestation companies. Tree planting is grounded in forest science, and if performed properly can result in the successful regeneration of a deforested area. Reforestation is the commercial logging industry's answer to the large-scale destruction of old growth forests, but a planted forest rarely replicates the biodiversity and complexity of a natural forest. Because trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow, tree planting can be used as a geoengineering technique to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Desert greening projects are also motivated by improved biodiversity and reclamation of natural water systems, but also improved economic and social welfare due to an increased number of jobs in farming and forestry.
1 BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES IN GENERAL
⦁Alleviating the "Greenhouse Effect," trees act as carbon "sinks." 1 acre of new forest will sequester about 2 tons of carbon annually. Trees can absorb CO2 at the rate of 13 pounds/tree/year. Trees reach their most productive stage of carbon storage at about 10 years. In its "Reforesting the Earth" paper, the Worldwatch Institute estimated that our planet needs at least 321 million acres planted to trees just to restore and maintain the productivity of soil and water resources, meet industrial and fuelwood needs in the third world, and annually remove from the atmosphere roughly 780 million tons of carbon as the trees grow. This 780 million tons represents the removal of about 25 percent of the 2 billion tons of carbon currently going into the earth's atmosphere.
Planting 100 million trees could reduce the amount of carbon by an estimated 18 million tons per year and at the same time, save American consumers $4 billion each year on utility bills. For every ton of new wood that grows, about 1 tons of CO2 are removed from the air and 1 tons of life-giving oxygen are produced. During a 50-year life span, one tree will generate $30,000 in oxygen, recycle $35, worth of water, and clean up $60,000 worth of air pollution or $125,000 total per tree without including any other values! ⦁Prevents or reduces soil erosion and water pollution. ⦁Helps recharge ground water and sustains streamflow. ⦁Properly placed screens of trees and shrubs significantly decrease noise pollution along busy thoroughfares and intersections ⦁Screen unsightly views. ⦁Soften harsh outlines of buildings. ⦁Provide fuelwood for stoves and fireplaces by establishing energy plantations of hybrid poplars and other fast-growing species and managed on a sustained yield basis for a continuous supply of fuelwood. ⦁Properly managed forests provide lumber, plywood and other wood products on a sustained yield basis ⦁Reduce utility bills for air conditioning in residential and commercial buildings by 15-50 percent. Trees, through their shade and transpiration, provide natural "low-tech" cooling that means less need to build additional dams, power plants, and nuclear generators. ⦁Windbreaks around homes can be shields against wind and snow and heating costs can be reduced by as much as 30 percent from trees cools hot streets and parking lots. Cities are "heat islands" that are 5-9 degrees hotter than surrounding areas. And cities spread each year. ⦁Trees and shrubs properly placed and cared for on a residential or commercial lot ca Depending on location, species, size, and condition, shade from trees can re n significantly increase property values. ⦁Farmstead windbreaks have many values including reduction of utility bills for cooling and heating, snow entrapment, wind reduction, aesthetics, and wildlife habitat.
1 MEASURES TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO CONSERVE FORESTS
ANDWILDLIFE
As per India State of Forest Report-2013, the total forest cover in the country is 697,898 square kilometers which is 21% of the total geographical area of the country. There is a net increase of 5871 square kilometers in the forest cover of the country as compared with India State of Forest Report-2011. It is also a fact that the density of population has increased in the State of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
⦁Wildlife Protection Act 1972 ⦁Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 ⦁Forest Conservation Act 1980 ⦁Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 ⦁Environment Protection Act 1986 ⦁Biological Diversity Act 2002 ⦁Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Rights) Act 2006 Not only this, there are a few International schemes and projects that India has signed drafted with its neighbors, Nepal and Bangladesh related to illegal wildlife species trade and conservation of tigers and leopards. Apart from this, there are plenty of other legal, administrative and financial steps that Government of India has taken for effective wildlife conservation in the country. And apparently the success of its some projects and schemes related to Indian Rhinos, tigers and poaching have earned it immense confidence to continue working towards a prosperous and intact wildlife.
1 TULSI PLANT
1 BOTANICAL INFORMATION OF TULSI PLANT
Holy basil, (Ocimum tenuiflorum), also called Tulsi or Tulasi, flowering plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae) grown for its aromatic leaves. Holy basil is native to the Indian subcontinent and grows throughout Southeast Asia. The natural habitat of Tulsi varies from sea level to an altitude of 2000 m. It is found growing naturally in moist soil nearly all over the globe. This aromatic plant, different from the pesto variety of basil, is native to India. The plant is widely used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine, often as an herbal tea for a variety of ailments, and is considered sacred in Hinduism. Its leaves and roots are used in various medical decoctions, believed to soothe and heal the mind and body. Indians frequently revere Tulsi, known as the “Queen of Herbs.” It is also used as a culinary herb with a pungent flavor that intensifies with cooking. It is reminiscent of clove, Italian basil (Ocimum basilicum), and mint and has a peppery spiciness. It is considered an agricultural weed and an invasive species in some areas outside its native range. Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) is a branched, fragrant and erect herb having hair all over. It attains a height of about 75 to 90 cm when mature. Its leaves are nearly round and up to 5 cm long with the margin being entire or toothed. These are aromatic because of the presence of a kind of scented oil in them. A variety with green leaves is called Shri Tulsi and one with reddish leaves is called Krishna Tulsi. The leaves of this plant on steam distillation yield a bright yellow color volatile oil possessing a pleasant odour with an appreciable note of clove oil. The plant contains mainly phenols, aldehydes, tannins, saponin and fats. The essential oil major components are eugenol (71%), eugenol methyl ether (20%), carvacrol (3%) etc. The leaves are used as condiment in salads and other foods. Tulsi flowers are small having purple to reddish color, present in small compact clusters on cylindrical spikes. Stalkless heart-shaped bracts are there at the base of each flower cluster. Sepal cup is not hairy within. Flowers are rarely longer than 5 mm, calyx tube bearded outside near base. Flower tube is hairy. The fruits are small and the seeds yellow to reddish in color. The nutritional and pharmacological properties of the whole herb in its natural form, as it has been traditionally used, result from synergistic interactions of many different active phytochemicals. Consequently, the overall effects of Tulsi cannot be fully duplicated with isolated compounds or extracts. Because of its inherent botanical and biochemical complexity, Tulsi standardization has, so far, eluded modern science.
⦁The Rama Tulsi is the effective remedy for the severe acute respiratory syndrome like asthma, bronchitis, congestion, colds and coughs, flu, sore throat. ⦁Traditionally, basil has been a part of every home as it is believed to have Vastu benefits. Hence the plant has an important place in Indian traditions. ⦁Tulsi leaves are good sources of vitamins A, C and K and minerals like iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. In addition, it is rich in fiber and proteins. ⦁Tulsi has abundant amounts of antioxidants and micronutrients that help fight common ailments like cold, flu, fever, asthma, etc. ⦁Chewing tulsi leaves or drinking water boiled with tulsi proves useful in relieving the symptoms of sore throat and cold. ⦁Tulsi curbs the growth of some cancer-causing cells and HIV cells, thus preventing life-threatening illnesses. ⦁The warm water in the tea helps to soothes the digestive system and boosts metabolism which aids in weight loss. ⦁The powder of the dried root, taken in milk, ghee or as a decoction, is recommended to treat malarial fever as an analgesic application to the bites and string of insects and also to increase sexual stamina and prevent premature ejaculation. ⦁Considered one of the foremost adaptogenic herbs, tulsi helps the body cope with stress, promotes mental clarity, and supports rejuvenation. ⦁Tulsi has antimicrobial properties that help fight bacteria and germs in the mouth. ⦁Tulsi plant is an excellent insect repellent. The oil extract from a Tulsi leaf has larvicidal properties. It kills the mosquito larvae before they can become full-grown mosquitoes. ⦁Tulsi can be used in many ways to improve your complexion and strengthen your hair. It has phytonutrients and antioxidants that protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. ⦁The essential oil extracted from the basil is used in the cosmetic industry and for preparing lotion, soap, perfume and shampoo. ⦁According to tradition, tulsi may help improve acne, reduce skin inflammation, and increase the speed of hair growth. ⦁Tulsi consumption helps protect organs and tissues from chemical and physical stress caused by extended physical activity, ischemia, physical restraint, and exposure to cold and loud noises. Chemical stress is caused by industrial pollutants and heavy metals. ⦁Many people wear the Tulsi beads, which is said to have certain physical and medicinal properties. ⦁Its wood is considered as more powerful than any other gem that helps in protecting one from the
negative influences. One can also buy several handicraft jewelry items made of Tulsi wood. ⦁Its leaves are used in temples for the worship purposes and also on the several occasions such as marriage. ⦁Hindus perform special Tulsi puja in the Kartik month which starts after Sharad Poornima. ⦁The tulsi seeds, taken mixed in water, juice or cow’s milk, are antioxidant, nourishing, mucilaginous and demulcent. ⦁According to ancient Indian texts, having a Tulsi plant at home can attract wealth and good fortune.
Figure 1 Picture with Tulsi Plant Date: 25 November 2022 Place: SMVITM, Bantakal Plant: Tulsi
It also supports the development of knowledge and human resources in the arena of the arts, crafts and culture.
Figure 2 Hasta Shilpa
CONTENT2.
There are total 24 Structures:
Miyar House - 1856
Sringeri House - 1856
Mudhol Palace Durbar Hall - 1816
Peshwa wada
Bazaar Street
Kamal Mahal of Kukanoor - 1341
Deccani Nawab Mahal - 1912
Mangalore Christian House - 1886
Museum of Bastar Tribal Art
Museum of Folk Deities
Vishnu Mandir - 18th Century
Hungaracutta Bansaale Mane [Traders’ establishment] - 1825
Veera Shaiva Jungama Mutt 16th Century
Vidya Mandir - 1705
Kunjur Chowki Mane - 1816
16 Nawayat Muslim House [ Sea Farer’s House] - 1805 17. Vaderhobli House - 1705 18. Lanes and By-Lanes 19. Yerukone House Mid-19th Century 20. Harkur Olagina Mane - 1605
Byndoor-Nelyadi House - Mid-19th Century
Shops – Lanes & By-Lanes
Traditional and Cultural Artifacts
Harihara Mandir
2 HUNGARCUTTA BANSAALE MANE – 1825
Figure 2 Hungarcutta Bansaale Mane-
‘Bansaale Mane’ refers to a trading establishment cum residence which existed in several coastal port towns of the district. This particular structure comes from Hungarcutta, a bustling port town which lost its relevance after the construction of bridges across rivers and laying of highways. Till then trade was carried out on waterways with a variety of agricultural produce like rice, spices, salt etc. being collected from inland villages and transported by boats through river ways to these coastal trading houses. It was then shipped through the sea route by large wooden sail ships to various port towns along the western coast of India and also the middle-east. The ‘Hungaracutta Bansaale Mane’ is a rare specimen that exemplifies trading activities which flourished three centuries back. Business transactions with customers was conducted in the front two levels, display and storage of the merchandise was located on left and right side of thecourtyard, while the trader took up his residence across the courtyard at the rear. A first floor hall above the residence housed visiting traders from distant lands.
16th Century
Figure 2 Veera Shaiva Jungama Mutt
With the advent of Basaveshwara in the twelfth century. Veerashaivism spread across
Karnataka with Shiva sharanas and jungamas (wandering mendicants or holy gurus) traveling
on foot from place to place to preach the social and religious philosophy of this creed. The
local devotees of this faith built monasteries known as Jungama mutts in their villages and
towns for jungamas to camp during their journey across the region and hold discourses for a
few days in these mutts with the participation or local people.
The Jungama Mutt at Puchchamogaru is believed to have been built much earlier in the
sixteenth century, with the blessings jungamas who traveled down the district from North
Karnataka on a spiritual mission. They found this isolated village of Puchchamogaru situated
in a valley surrounded by hills and lush green vegetation, an idyllic for both meditation and
spiritual discourse. Impressed by their discourses imparting simple, intelligible social and
moral values, the local population embraced the faith of Veerashaivism.
2 PESHWAWADA
Figure 2 Peshwa Wada
‘Wadas’ were the residential form of Maratha architecture that evolved under the patronage
of Peshwas. The architectural features of traditional royal structures of Gujarat and Rajasthan,
built over several centuries combined with certain vernacular features from the Maratha
heartland amalgamated to evolve the distinct Peshwa style of Architecture.
It generally used to denote huge mansions having multiple rooms and storeys that were built
around successive courtyards.
The structure restored here is small but elegant, which was earlier a part of the frontage of
Peshwa Wada, situated in a remote hamlet in the Belgaum district of Karnataka. The remaining
portion of this Wada had long back collapsed, and the frontage of this modest sized single
storey structure with its lovey Jharoka was the only surviving part of the Wada which the
Hasta Shilpa Trust acquired for its preservation in its Heritage Village.
UHV2 Final - hi mhjghxgzdf fgfdhfvdvfdgvd
Course: Software Engineering (CS530)
University: Visvesvaraya Technological University
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