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10. Islamic Civilization Notes

Notes for Islam unit
Course

Eastern Civilization (UIC1581-01-00)

54 Documents
Students shared 54 documents in this course
Academic year: 2021/2022

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10. Islamic Civilization

Before the Islamic Civilization Prophet Muhammad trader in Mecca (prominent trade avenue) Persian Empire vs. Roman Empire strong conflict in Mediterranean & West-Asian regions What about trade routes? Merchants needed to find how to detour -> Arabian regions became important trade route The Hijaz received diverse religious influences due to active trade 7C~ significant number of Chr & Jews Indigenous Arabic Religions Mecca) the home of 3 deities, perceived as a holy ground where no one could commit sin -> fertility & economic flourishing, stable & secure Trade and Faith Traders established seasonal markets during the Pilgrimage season Mecca) both a center of trade & religion Gradual shift to monotheism even before the birth of the prophet exhibited in ppl's names, no longer created from those of deities Gov & Social Structure in Mecca merchant republic no central gov, army; family membership based on community Power & kinship in Meccan Society (600CE) Kinship was very important since families cooperated to set up trade companies Wealthy & Charismatic could command support from their family to influence life in the city The council (Shura) decided on things relating to the community The Islamic Revolution Muhammad unified the city states & the Hijaz The merchant families were replaced by membership of the Islamic community Muhammad's Early Revelations) realistic, maybe true? There is only one God; The world will end and we all should repent

Muhammad should rise and warn ppl?

reiterating the revelation of Jews & Christians

Muhammad's Early Mission

wife, cousins converted (prophet's neighbor and family)

The Muslim Community (umma)

diverse groups, ethnics followed M -> redefinition of social relations in Mecca Devotion to God was the source of unity & prestige

Islamic practice was inclusive & eclectic & universal

Ritual devotions were not complicated Did not limit ppl to Arabs (African, Nubian, Persian), nor to the elites (slaves) The simplicity & inclusiveness of Muhammad's message made it appealing

Persecution of Muslims in Mecca

Some biographers claim that Muhammad's supporters were faced w/ abuse & violence, persecuted by Mechan elder elites.

The Hijra (Migration)

many followers (nearly half) + vigorous missionary work w/ Medina, Yathrib) negotiation necessary expanded his region and finally conquered Mecca in 630 moved maybe because of the persecution or to feed the people

Shift from Ethics to Law/Gov

the Constitution of Medina designed to regulate relations b/w Jews/Muslims, to end feudalism and for Muslim settlements Quran's readings about stealing, protection of property

After the death of Muhammad

Leadership was granted to the man who knew best about Muhammad's message -> Abu Bakr (Caliph) no hereditary monarchy, no local authoritarian institutions, only relied on a charismatic leader, a society w/o traditions Leadership based on characteristics) The power rested upon his ability to preserve the Prophet's mission Gender was not a significant problem in practicing leader's role Aisha) the daughter of Abu Bakr

Codification of Law & Rituals

Abu Bakr was concerned that ppl would forget the Prophet's message collected the texts and teachings (Hadith?) -> papyrus, bark, bone, no

paper ?

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10. Islamic Civilization Notes

Course: Eastern Civilization (UIC1581-01-00)

54 Documents
Students shared 54 documents in this course

University: Yonsei University

Was this document helpful?
10. Islamic Civilization
Before the Islamic Civilization
Prophet Muhammad
trader in Mecca (prominent trade avenue)
Persian Empire vs. Roman Empire
strong conflict in Mediterranean & West-Asian regions
What about trade routes? Merchants needed to find how to detour ->
Arabian regions became important trade route
The Hijaz received diverse religious influences
due to active trade
7C~ significant number of Chr & Jews
Indigenous Arabic Religions
Mecca) the home of 3 deities, perceived as a holy ground where no one
could commit sin -> fertility & economic flourishing, stable & secure
Trade and Faith
Traders established seasonal markets during the Pilgrimage season
Mecca) both a center of trade & religion
Gradual shift to monotheism
even before the birth of the prophet
exhibited in ppl's names, no longer created from those of deities
Gov & Social Structure in Mecca
merchant republic
no central gov, army; family membership based on community
Power & kinship in Meccan Society (600CE)
Kinship was very important since families cooperated to set up
trade companies
Wealthy & Charismatic could command support from their family
to influence life in the city
The council (Shura) decided on things relating to the community
The Islamic Revolution
Muhammad unified the city states & the Hijaz
The merchant families were replaced by membership of the Islamic
community
Muhammad's Early Revelations) realistic, maybe true?
There is only one God; The world will end and we all should repent
Muhammad should rise and warn ppl ?

Students also viewed

Related documents